Okullarda Psikolojik Güvencesizliğin Bireysel ve Kurumsal Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

Bu çalışma Türk okullarındaki yönetici, öğretmen ve diğer çalışanların "psikolojik güvencesizlik" algılarını belirlemeyi; bireysel ve kurumsal değişkenlerden etkilenme durumunu ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Psikolojik güvencesizlik örgütsel gelişme ve etkililik açısından doğası anlaşılması gereken bir fenomendir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin farklı bölge ve illerinden tesadüfi yöntemle seçilen toplam 557 okul çalışanı üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, "psikolojik güvencesizlik ölçeği" ile toplanmış ve lojistik regresyon analizi ile incelenerek sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda Türk okullarında orta düzeyde psikolojik güvencesizlik yaşandığı; bireysel değişkenlerden cinsiyet değişkeninin, kurumsal değişkenlerden de okul büyüklüğünün psikolojik güvencesizlik üzerinde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kadın çalışanların ve küçük okullarda görev yapanların daha fazla psikolojik güvencesizlik yaşadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, ilgili alan yazınla ilişkili bir biçimde tartışılarak bazı öneriler geliştirilmiştir

Analyzing the Psychological Unsafety in Schools in Terms of Individual and Institutional Variables

This study focused on finding out the “psychological unsafety perceptions” of administrators, teachers and other staff in Turkish schools and examining how it is affected by their personal and organizational variables. Psychological unsafety is a phenomenon that its nature must be understood for organizational development and organizational effectiveness. Psychological unsafety in work environment is defined as the level of perception about risky work environment hindering employee to speak out what they think and to behave in comfort because of possible negative consequences. The study was implemented on totally 557 school stuff randomly selected from the schools located in different regions and provinces of Turkey. Data were gathered by “the psychological unsafety scale” and analysed by logistic regression analysis. At the end of the study, we found that a medium level of psychological unsafety is experienced at Turkish schools and gender as one of the personal variables and school size as one of the organizational variables significantly affect the psychological unsafety. Female stuff and those who work in small size schools experience much more psychological unsafety. Based on discussion of the findings, we developed suggestions for macro and micro level educational administration. When we consider the scarcity of the study focused on the psychological un/safety, we argue that the study makes a significant contribution in understanding of the phenomenon

___

  • Balcı, A. (2002). Örgütsel gelişme: Kuram ve uygulama (3. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem.
  • Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2016). Yönetim (Çev. S. Besler ve C. Erbil). Ankara: Nobel.
  • Botero, I. C., & Dyne, L.V. (2009). Employee voice behaviour. Management Communication Quarterly, 23(1), 84-104, doi:10.1177/0893318909335415
  • Carmeli, A., & Gittell, J. H. (2008). High-quality relationships, psychological safety, and learning from failures in work organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 709-729. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.v30:6
  • Christensen, L. B., Johnson, R. B., & Turner, A. L. (2014). Research methods design and analysis. New York. Pearson.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Statistics for multiple variables: Practices in SPSS and LISREL. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behaviour in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350-383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
  • Edmondson, A. C., Kramer, R. M., & Cook, K.S. (2004). Psychological safety, trust, and learning in organizations: A group-level lens. Trust and distrust in organizations: Dilemmas and approaches 12, 239-272.
  • Edmondson, A.C., Higgins, M., Singer, S., & Weiner, J. (2016) Understanding Psychological Safety in Health Care and Education Organizations: A Comparative Perspective, Research in Human Development, 13(1), 65-83, doi: 10.1080/15427609.2016.1141280
  • Eren, E. (2001). Örgütsel davranış ve yönetim psikolojisi (7. Baskı). İstanbul: Beta.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Fromm, E. (2014). Özgürlük korkusu (Çev. S. Koçak). İstanbul: Doruk. Garvin, D. A., Edmondson, A. C., & Gino, F. (2008). Is yours a learning organization? Harvard Business Review, 86(3), 109-116.
  • Getzels, J.W. (1978). The communities of education. Teachers college records, 79, 659-682.
  • Güney, S. (2000). Davranış bilimleri (2. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel.
  • Hernandez, W., Luthanen, A., Ramsel, D., & Osatuke, K. (2015). The mediating relationship of self-awareness on supervisor burnout and workgroup civility and psychological safety: a multilevel path analysis. Burnout Research, 2, 36-49. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2015.02.002
  • Holley, L. C., & Steiner, S. (2005). Safe space: Student perspectives on classroom environment. Journal of Social Work Education, 41(1), 49-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.5175/JSWE.2005.200300343
  • Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/256287
  • Kahn, W. A. (2007). Meaningful connections: Positive relationships and attachments at work. In J. E. Dutton, & B. R. Ragins (Eds.), Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation (pp. 189-206).
  • Karataş, E. (2009). Job values and organizational culture in educational administration (Master thesis). Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey. Kramer. R. M. (1999). Trust and distrust in organizations: Emerging perspectives, enduring questions. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 569- 598. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.569
  • Lyu, X. (2016). Effect of organizational justice on work engagement with psychological safety as a mediator: evidence from china. Social Behaviour and Personality, 44(8), 1359-1370. doi: https://doi.org/10.2224/ sbp.2016.44.8.1359
  • Miles, J. A. (2012). Management and Organization Theories. San Francisco: Wiley.
  • MEB (2017). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Stratejik Planı 2015-2019. Retrieved from http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/www/mill-egitim-bakanligi-2015-2019-stratejik-planiyayinlanmistir/icerik/181
  • Özdemir, S. (2016). Türk eğitim sistemi ve okul yönetimi (4. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Sağnak, M. (2017). Ethical leadership and teachers’ voice behaviour: The mediating roles of ethical culture and psychological safety. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 17(4), 1101-1117. doi: 10.12738/estp.2017.40113.
  • Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., Osborn, R. N., & Uhl-Bien, M. (2010). Organizational Behaviour. San Francisko: Wiley.
  • Schlechty, P. C. (2005). Shaking up the school house (Çev. Y. Özden). Ankara: Nobel.
  • Seçer, İ. (2015). The process of development and adaptation measurement: applications of SPSS and LISREL. Ankara: Anı
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (8th ed.). New York: Pearson.
  • Töremen, F. (2002). Eğitim örgütlerinde değişimin engel ve nedenleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(1), 185-202.
  • Uğurlu, C. T., & Abdürrezzak, S. (2016). Research of teachers’ views on effective school and school leadership. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 22(3), 401-428. doi: https://doi.org/10.14527/ kuey.2016.016
  • Wanless, S.B. (2016). The role of psychological safety in human development. Research in Human Development, 13, 6-14. doi:10.1080/15427609. 2016.1141283
  • Yıldırım, K., & Yenipinar, Ş. (2017). Psychological unsafety in schools: The development and validation of a scale. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(6), 167-176. doi: 10.11114/jets.v5i6.2372