Gülşen ALTUĞ, Pelin S. ÇİFTÇİ TÜRETKEN, Mine ÇARDAK, Kemal GÜNEŞ

Sapanca Gölü’nden İzole Edilen Bakteri Suşlarının Petrol Hidrokarbonlarını Parçalama Yetenekleri

Bu çalışmada, Eylül 2008 ile Mayıs 2010 tarihleri arasında Sapanca Gölü’nde belirlenen dokuz istasyonda yüzey sularından (0-30 cm) izole edilen bakterilerin petrol parçalama kapasiteleri ve direnç düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla analizler yapılmıştır. Üç sınıf yedi familyaya ait yirmi yedi bakteri türünden oluşan toplam seksen beş doğal bakteri izolatı tanımlanmış ve bu izolatların hepsi Minimum İnhibitör Konsantrasyon (MİK) açısından ham petrole karşı taranmıştır. Emülsifikasyon indeksi (E24) testi için ham petrole karşı direnç gösteren bakteri izolatları seçilmiştir. E24 testlerinde yüksek değerler gösteren izolatlar ileri parçalama testlerinde pH ve petrol katman kalınlığı değerleri kaydedilmek üzere seçilmiştir. Seksen beş izolattan elli tanesi petrol hidrokarbonuna karşı dirençli olarak kaydedilmiştir. Ham petrole karşı pozitif reaksiyon gösteren izolatların yüzdeleri %25 ile %100 arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. S49-Stenotrophomonas maltophila, S50-Aeromonas hydrophila, S59- E. coli1, S38-Aeromonas hydrophila and S43-Enterobacter cloaceae suşları en yüksek Emülsifikasyon İndeksi yüzdeleri gösteren izolatlar olarak kaydedilmiştir. Parçalanma testinin sonuçları, S59-E coli1 izolatının test edilen tüm izolatlardan daha yüksek parçalama kabiliyetine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışmanın ilk yılında yapılan ham petrole karşı dirençlilik testlerinde taranan bakterilerin tümünün duyarlı olduğu kaydedilmiştir. Daha sonraki testlerde petrole karşı direnç gösteren bakterilerin tespit edilmesi aynı dönemde Sapanca Gölü’nde meydana gelen beklenmedik petrol sızıntısı ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Ham petrole dirençli izolatlar, aday bakteriler olarak belirlenmiş ve ileride olası biyoremediasyon çalışmalarında kullanılmak amacıyla stoklanmıştır.

Oil Hydrocarbon Degradation Capability of Bacterial Strains Isolated from the Sapanca Lake, Turkey

In this study, the analyses were carried out to determine oildegradationcapacity and oil-resistance levels of bacteria isolated fromwater surface (0-30 cm) of nine stations of the Sapanca Lake fromSeptember of 2008 to May of 2010. Twenty-seven bacteria speciesbelonging three classes and six families total of eighty-five wildbacteria were identified and screened against crude oil with respect toMinimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Bacterial isolates showingresistance against crude oil were chosen for Emulsification Index (E24)test. Isolates displaying higher E24 values were selected for furtherdegradation tests regarding pH and oil thickness values inexperimental setups. Fifty bacterial strains of eighty-five isolateswere recorded to be resistant against oil hydrocarbon. Positivereactions percentages of the isolates against crude oil were detectedin variable ranges between 25% and 100%. The results of theemulsification index test for crude oil indicated that the isolates ofS49-Stenotrophomonas maltophila, S50-Aeromonas hydrophila, S59-E. coli1, S38-Aeromonas hydrophila and S43-Enterobacter cloaceaehave higher emulsification percentages. The results of thedegradation test showed that isolate of S59-E. coli1 has higherdegradation ability than all isolates tested. The bacteria screenedagainst crude oil were detected to be sensitive against crude oil duringthe first year of the study. Presence of petroleum-resistant bacteria insubsequent tests was associated with the unexpected oil spill occurredin the Sapanca Lake at the time. Detected crude oil resistant bacteriaisolates were stocked for a possible use in upcoming bioremediationrelated studies.

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