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Morphogenetic, Ontogenetic and Diurnal Variability in Content And Constituents of Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller var. vulgare) Essential Oil

The objective of this study was to determine morphogenetic,ontogenetic and diurnal variability in content and constituents ofbitter fennel essential oil. Essential oils of various plant organs (leaf,root-bulb-stalk, flower and seed) of bitter fennel harvested at pre-, fulland post-flowering stages at different times (9 am, 1 and 5pm) wereextracted by hydro distillation and analyzed by gas chromatographyand mass spectrometry. Essential oil content differed significantlybased on plant organ and growing stage, increasing in the order of leaf< flower flower > root-bulb-stalk > leaf essential oil. Alpha-pinene, α–phellandrene, limonene and fenchone were the other majorcomponents, varying significantly with plant growth stages andorgans. The present study reveals that the content and constituentsof essential oil of bitter fennel from Turkey are predominantlydependent on ontogenetical phase and plant organ.

Acı Rezene (Foeniculumvulgare Miller var. vulgare) Uçucu Yağ İçeriği ve Bileşenlerinde Morfogenetik, Ontogenetik ve Diurnal Varyabilite

Bu çalışma acı rezene uçucu yağ içeriği ve bileşenlerinde morfogenetik, ontogenetik ve diurnal varyabilitenin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çiçeklenme öncesi, tam çiçeklenme ve çiçeklenme sonrasında ve günün farklı saatlerinde (09:00, 13:00 ve 17:00) hasat edilen bitki organlarının (yaprak, kök-yumru-sap, çiçek ve tohum) uçucu yağları hidrodistilasyon yoluyla çıkarılarak, gaz kromatografisi ve kütle spektrometresi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yaprak < çiçek < tohum sıralamasıyla artış gösteren uçucu yağ içeriği, bitki organı ve büyüme dönemine bağlı olarak önemli değişiklik göstermiş ve tohumda uçucu yağ içeriği yaprağa göre yaklaşık 7 kat daha fazla olmuştur. Uçucu yağ içeriği çiçeklenme öncesinde %1.68’den tam çiçeklenmede %2.18’e yükselmiş, fakat çiçeklenme sonrasında %0.81’e düşmüştür. Tohum > çiçek > kök-yumru-sap > yaprak sıralamasıyla azalan trans-anetol bütün uçucu yağlarda en önemli komponent olarak belirlenmiştir. Büyüme dönemi ve bitki organına göre değişim gösteren alfa-pinen, alfa-fellandrene, limonene ve fenkon diğer önemli komponenetlerdir. Sunulan bu çalışma, Türkiye orijinli acı rezenenin uçucu yağ içeriği ve bileşenlerinin esas olarak bitki organı ve büyüme dönemine göre belirlendiğini ortaya koymuştur.

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