RADYAL ŞEBEKELERDE DESTEK VEKTÖR REGRESYON İLE OPTİMUM KABLO TOPRAKLAMA SİSTEMİ TASARIMI

Teknolojinin gelişmesi ile elektrik şebekelerindeki yüklerin çeşitliliği de artmıştır. Bu çeşitli yükler şebekede sıfır bileşen ve harmonik akımlarını artırarak yüksek gerilim yeraltı kablolarında başlık arızalarına neden olmaktadır. Uygulamada kablo başlığı arızalarını önlemek için genellikle IEEE 575-1988 standardında yer alan çift taraflı topraklama (ÇTT) yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Fakat bu yöntem sıfır bileşen ve harmonik akımlarının neden olduğu kablo başlığı arızalarını önlemek için yeterli değildir. Bu çalışmada yeni bir yöntem olan Parçalı Çift Taraflı Topraklama (PÇT) yöntemi ile ÇTT yöntemi karşılaştırılmıştır. PÇT yönteminin kullanılması için kabloda oluşacak olan kılıf geriliminin bilinmesi gereklidir. Bu yüzden Destek Vektör Regresyon (DVR) yöntemleri ile kılıf gerilimi tahmini yapılmıştır. Daha sonra kablo arızalarını ve elektrik çarpılmalarını önlemek için PÇT yöntemi dokunma gerilimine göre optimize edilmiştir. Optimizasyon yöntemleri olarak da Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu, İnertia Ağırlıklı Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu, Çekimsel Arama Algoritması ve Genetik Algoritma kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda, yüksek gerilim kablosunun topraklamasının ÇTT yöntemi ile yapılması durumunda kılıf geriliminin dokunma gerilimini aştığı görülmüştür. Bu durum dengesiz elektrik alanı nedeniyle kablo arızasına, yüksek gerilim nedeniyle de elektrik çarpılmasına neden olmaktadır. Aynı hat için tasarlanan optimize edilmiş PÇT yöntemlerinde ise kılıf gerilimi aşılamamıştır. Böylece PÇT yöntemi ile hem kablo arızalarının hem de elektrik çarpılmalarının önüne geçilecektir.

Optimum Cable Bonding Design in High Voltage Cables by Regression in Radial Network

With the development of technology, the variety of loads in electrical networks has also increased. These various loads increase the zero component and harmonic currents in the network and cause cable termination faults in high voltage underground cables. In practice, the solid bonding (SB) method, which is included in the IEEE 575-1988 standard, is generally used to prevent cable termination faults. However, this method is not sufficient to prevent cable termination faults caused by zero component and harmonic currents. In this study, a new method, the sectional solid bonding (SSB) method and the SB method were compared. In order to use the SSB method, it is necessary to know the sheath voltage that will occur in the cable. Therefore, sheath voltage estimation is made with the Support Vector Regression (SVR) methods. Later, the SSB method is optimized with touch voltage to prevent cable failures and electrical distortions. Particle Swarm Optimization, Inertia Weighted Particle Swarm Optimization, Gravitational Search Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm were used as optimization methods. At the end of the study, it has been observed that the sheath voltage exceeds the touch voltage in case the grounding of the high voltage cable is performed by the SB method. This causes cable failure due to unbalanced electric field and electric shock due to high voltage. In the optimized SSB methods designed for the same line, thesheath voltage is not exceeded. Thus, both cable faults and electrical shock will be prevented by the SSB method.

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