Farklı duvar örgüleri ile üretilmiş prototip yığma binaların sarsma tablası deneyleri

Deprem nedeniyle meydana gelen en büyük hasarlar, duvar düzleminde kesme ve kayma çatlaklarının oluşması, duvarların düzlem-dışı dışı hareket etmesi, duvarların köşelerden ve döşemelerden ayrılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, 1/6 ölçekli, tek katlı ve üç bölmeli farklı duvar örgüleri üretilmiş prototip yığma yapılar sarsma tablası üzerinde test edilmiştir. Bu prototip yığma yapılar sinüzoidal dinamik test ile sarsma tablasında test edilmiştir. Test numunelerinin duvarları sırasıyla haç, flamen, ingiliz ve hollanda tip örgüler ile üretilmiştir. Test numunelerinin davranışları, elastik sismik yükleri ve deplasmanları kıyaslayabilmek için numunelere aynı yer hareketi verilmiştir. Test numunelerinin yer değiştirme ölçümleri görüntü işleme yöntemi ile yapılmış ve ivme değerleri ivmeölçerler ile ölçülmüştür. Deneysel çalışmalarda deprem sırasında gözlemlenen, farklı tipte göçme modları ve çatlaklar meydana gelmiştir. Sallama tablasında, Numune 4'te (hollanda örgü) maksimum elastik sismik yük oluşmuştur. Numune 1 (haç örgü) diğer örneklere göre deneylerde daha rijit davrandığından dolayı, numune 1 en yüksek sismik performansı ulaşmıştır. Sonuç olarak, özenle imal edilmeyen ve mühendislik hizmeti almayan tüm yığma yapılar, örgü türü ne olursa olsun yeterli deprem performansı gösteremez. TBSC-2018'de belirtilen yığma binalarda kapı ve pencere kenarlarına düşey lentolar yapılabilir veya kapı ve pencere boşlukları küçültülebilir, bu da sismik performansına önemli katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sarsma tablası, Göçme mekanizması, Yığma binalar, Örgü tipi, Elastik sismik yük, Tepki Spektrumu

SHAKING TABLE EXPERIMENTS ON MASONRY BUILDING PROTOTYPES PRODUCED WITH DIFFERENT BOND

The major damages that occurred due to the earthquake are the formation of shear cracks and sliding cracks in the plane of the walls, the overturning of the walls out-of-plane, the separation of the walls from the corners and slabs. In this study, prototype masonry buildings were produced with different bonds 1/6 geometric scale, one story and three-compartment were tested on the shaking table. These prototype masonry buildings were tested on a shaking table with sinusoidal dynamic testing. The walls of test specimens were produced with the cross, the flemish, the english, and the dutch bond, respectively. The behaviour of test specimens, displacement, elastic seismic loads were compared by giving the same ground motion to the specimens. Displacement measurements of the test specimens were made by the image processing method and acceleration data were measured by accelerometers. In the experimental studies, different types of failure modes and cracks that could occur during the earthquake were observed. In the shaking table, the maximum elastic seismic load has occurred at Specimen 4 (dutch bond). Because Specimen 1 had more rigid compared to the other specimens, Specimen 1 with cross bond also occurred the highest seismic performance. As a result, all masonry structures that are not carefully manufactured and do not receive engineering services, regardless of the type of the bond, cannot exhibit sufficient earthquake performance. As a result, for the masonry buildings stated in TBSC-2018, vertical lintels can be made on the sides of the door and windows, or the door and window spaces can be made smaller, which can make an important contribution to the seismic performance of masonry buildings.

Keywords:

Shaking Table, Failure Mechanism, Masonry Buildings, Bond Type, Elastic Seismic Load, Response spectrum,

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