Geriatrik Köpeklerde Prostat Hiperplazisinin Tanısında PSA ve USG Sonuçlarının Karşılaştırmalı Değerlendirilmesi

Geriatrik dönem köpeklerde, yaşla ilişkili olarak, farklı hastalıkların klinik görülme insidansında bir artış şekillenir. Bu hastalıkların en önemlilerinden biri de prostat hiperplazisidir. Veteriner Hekimlere muayene için getirilen erkek köpeklerin % 3-10'unda prostat hiperplazisine rastlandığı bilinmektedir. Prostat hastalıkları, genellikle, klinik belirtilerin değerlendirilmesiyle ayırt edilememektedir. Kesin tanı için ultrasonografi, enzimatik ölçümler ve biyopsi gerekir. Olası durumlarda hangi teşhis araçlarının kullanılacağını belirlemek doğru tanı ve doğru tedavi protokolünün ortaya konmasında büyük önem arz eder. Bu çalışmada geriatrik dönem köpeklerde prostat hiperplazisinin tanısında ultrasonografi ve spesifik enzim ölçüm sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Geriatrik 24 köpekte yapılan ultrasonografik muayenede, ortalama değer olarak, prostat boyu 4.88±0.15 cm, prostat eni 3.98±0.11 cm, prostat yüksekliği 3.46±0.13 cm ve prostat hacmi ise 35.18±2.01 cm3 olarak belirlendi. Sadece prostat hiperplazisi tanısı konan köpeklerde ise; ortalama değer olarak, prostat boyu 4.93±0.24 cm, prostat eni 3.74±0.11 cm, prostat yüksekliği 3.63±0.11 cm ve prostat hacmi ise 34.97±2.44 cm3 olarak tespit edildi. Çalışmadaki köpeklerin tamamında PSA düzeyi <0.006 ng/mL olarak ölçüldü.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hiperplazi, Köpek, Prostat, PSA, Ultrasonografi.

Comparative Evaluation of PSA and USG Results in the Diagnosis of Prostate Hyperplasia in Geriatric Dogs

In geriatric dogs, there is an increase in the incidence of clinical manifestations of different diseases in relation to age. One of the most important of these diseases is prostatic hyperplasia. It is known that 3-10% of male dogs brought to veterinarians for examination have prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate diseases are generally not differentiated by evaluation of clinical signs. Ultrasonography, enzymatic measurements and biopsy are required for definitive diagnosis. Determining which diagnostic tools to use in possible situations is of great importance in establishing the correct diagnosis and correct treatment protocol. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the results of ultrasonography and specific enzyme measurement in the diagnosis of prostatic hyperplasia in geriatric dogs. In the ultrasonographic examination performed in 24 geriatric dogs, the mean value was determined as prostate length 4.88±0.15 cm, prostate width 3.98±0.11 cm, prostate height 3.46±0.13 cm and prostate volume 35.18±2.01 cm3. In dogs diagnosed only with prostatic hyperplasia; as the mean value, prostate length was 4.93±0.24 cm, prostate width was 3.74±0.11 cm, prostate height was 3.63±0.11 cm, and prostate volume was 34.97±2.44 cm3. PSA level was measured as <0.006 ng/mL in all dogs in the study.

Keywords:

Hyperplasia, Dog, Prostate, PSA, Ultrasonography,

PDF

___

Amorim RL, Moura VMBD, Di Santis GW, Bandarra EP, Padovani, C. Serum and urinary measurements of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) in dogs. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2004; 56(3): 320–324.
Atalan G., Barr FJ, Holt, PE. Comparison of ultrasonographic and radiographic measurements of canine prostate dimensions. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 1999; 40: 408–412.
Bell FW., Klausner JS, Hayden, DW, Lund EM, Liebenstein BB, Feeney DA, Johnston SD, Shivers JL, Ewing CM, Isaacs WB. Evaluation of serum and seminal plasma markers in the diagnosis of canine prostatic disorders. J Vet Intern Med. 1995; 9(3): 149–53.
Christensen BW. Canine Prostate Disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2018; 48(4): 701–719.
De Souza MB, Da Silva LDM, Moxon R, Russo M, England GC. Ultrasonography of the prostate gland and testes in dogs. In Pract. 2017; 39: 21–32.
Dube JY, Lazure C, Tremblay RR. Dog prostate arginine esterase is related to human prostate specific antigen. Clin Invest Med. 1986; 9(1): 51–54.
Edson Pontes J, Ohe H, Watanabe H, Murphy GP. Transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate. Cancer. 1984; 53: 1369–1372.
Evans HE., Christensen GC. The urogenital system, In: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, Ed; Evans HE, 3rd Ed., WB Saunders, USA; pp. 514–516.
Galosi AB, Montironi R, Fabiani A, Lacetera V, Galléand G, Muzzonigro G. Cystic Lesions of the Prostate Gland: An Ultrasound Classification with Pathological Correlation. J Urol. 2009; 181: 647-657.
Gunzel-Apel AR, Mohrke C, Nautrup CP. Colour-coded and pulsed Doppler sonography of the canine testis, epididymis and prostate gland: physiological and pathological findings. Reprod Domest Anim. 2001; 36: 236–240.
Korodi G, Igna V, Cernescu H, Mircu C, Frunza I, Knop R. Canine prostate pathology. Lucrari Stiintifice-Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole a Banatului Timisoara. Med Vet. 2008; 41:187–194.
Krawiec D, Heflin D. Study of prostatic disease in dogs: 177 cases (1981-1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1992; 200:1119–1122.
Kutzler M, Yeager A. Prostatic diseases. In: Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Ed; Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, 6th Ed., WB Saunders, USA, pp: 1809–1819.
Lévy X, Niżański W, Von Heimendahl A, Mimouni P. Diagnosis of Common Prostatic Conditions in Dogs: an Update. Reprod Domest Anim. 2014; 49: 50–57.
Niżański W, Ochota M, Fontaine C, Pasikowska J. B-Mode and Doppler Ultrasonographic Findings of Prostate Gland and Testes in Dogs Receiving Deslorelin Acetate or Osaterone Acetate. Animals (Basel). 2020; 11;10(12):2379.
Nyland TG, Mattoon JS. Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound, 2nd Ed., Elsevier Health Sciences, USA.
Penninck D, D'anjou MA. Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, USA.
Roehrborn CG, Boyle P, Gould AL. Serum prostatespecific antigen as a predictor of prostate volume in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 1999; 53:581-589.
Ruel Y, Barthez PY, Mailles A, Begon D. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the prostate in healthy intact dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 1998; 39(3): 212–216.
Russo M, Vignoli M, England GCW. B-Mode and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonographic Findings in Canine Prostatic Disorders. Reprod Domest Anim. 2012; 47: 238–242.
Smith J. Canine prostatic disease: A review of anatomy, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment. Theriogenology. 2008; 70(3): 375–383. Werner JRY, Riese TW. Any Correlation Between Prostate Volume and Incidence of Prostate Cancer: A Review of Reported Data for the Last Thirty Years. Res Rep Urol. 2021; 13:749–757.
Wilson JD. The critical role of androgens in prostate development. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2011; 40: 577–590.
Zhang HT, Xu Y, Chang JW, Zhang ZH, Liu RL, Ma BJ. Correlation of histological prostatitis with PSA, prostate volume, PSAD, IPSS, Qmax and PVR in BPH patients. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2012; 18(3): 208-211.
Zohil AM, Castellano MC. Prepubic and transrectal ultrasonography of the canine prostate: a comparative study. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 1995; 36:393–396.