Adölesan Dönemde Evlenen Kadınların Üreme Sağlığı Davranışları: Bir Karma Yöntem Çalışması

Amaç: Adölesan yaşta evlilik, fizyolojik ve psikolojik bakımdan evlilik ve çocuk doğurma sorumluluğu almaya hazır olmadan ve genellikle 18 yaşından önce gerçekleşen evliliklerdir. Bu araştırma, adölesan dönemde evlenen kadınların üreme sağlığı davranışlarını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, nicel ve nitel yöntemlerin aynı anda kullanılabileceği karma yöntem desenlerinden yakınsayan paralel desen kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırma nicel bölümde yer alan 245, nitel bölümde yer alan 25 kadın ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nicel verilerin toplanması sırasında yüz yüze görüşme ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak toplanmış, nicel verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistik kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Kadınların, ilk evlilik yaşı ortalamasının 16,1± 0,94 (Aralık: 12-17) olduğu saptanmıştır. Nicel verilerden alınan sonuçlara göre; kadınların gebelikte sağlıklı yaşam aktivitelerine uyum sağladığı (%88,7), sağlıklı doğum için hijyen/beslenmeyi sürdürdüğü / ağrı ile baş etme teknikleri uyguladığı (%95,0), doğum sonrası bakımda ise bireysel hijyeni sürdürdüğü (%69,8) belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın nitel bölümünde ise, kadınların cinsel yaşam ve kadına yönelik şiddet ile ilgili elde edilen veriler kodlanarak "sağlıklı cinsel yaşam, cinsel şiddet, yasal prosedürler, sosyal destek ve önleyici uygulamalar" beş tema oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, adölesan yaşta evlenen kadınların üreme sağlığı özellikleri ve üreme sağlığına yönelik sorun yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Ebeler, hizmet sunumları sırasında bu hassas gruba yönelik hizmet gereksiniminin karşılanmasında, üreme sağlığı sorunlarının çözümünde ve kadın sağlığının geliştirilmesinde aktif rol alabilirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Adölesanlar, ebelik, evlilik yaşı, güvenli cinsellik, üreme sağlığı.

Reproductive Health Behaviors of Women Married in the Adolescent Period: A Mixed Method Study

Objective: Adolescent marriages are those that take place before the age of 18 years or before maturity and are associated with a wide range of health and psychological problems. This study was carried out to examine the reproductive health behaviour of women who got married during the adolescent period. Methods: In this study, convergent parallel design, in which the quantitative and qualitative stages of mixed method designs can be applied simultaneously, was used. This research was carried out with 245 women included in the quantitative section and 25 women in the qualitative section. During the collection of the quantitative data, face-to-face interview and semi-structured interview techniques were used. The data were collected using the content analysis method, and descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of quantitative data. Results: The mean age at first marriage was 16.1±0.9 (range 12–17) years. Quantitative analysis showed that, to have a healthy delivery, women adopted the practices of healthy life during pregnancy (88.7%), for the birth they maintained nutrition, ensured good hygiene and performed pain coping techniques (95.0%) and maintained personal hygiene during post-partum (69.8%). Analysis of the data collected in the in-depth interview on the women’s practices on sexual life and violence against women, five themes were identified ‘healthy sex life, sexual violence, legal procedures, social support and preventive practices’. Conclusion: Women who got married at adolescent age had problems with their reproductive health characteristics and reproductive health. Midwives can take an active role in meeting the service needs for this vulnerable group, solving reproductive health problems and improving women’s health during service provision.

Keywords:

Adolescents, marriage age, midwifery, reproductive health, safe sex,

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