Türk yardım çalışanlarında ikincil travmatik stres: Ölçek uyarlaması ve ikincil travmatik stresin incelenmesi

Bu araştırmada, travmatik yaşantıları olan bireylere, travma anında veya sonrasında müdahalede bulunan profesyonel ve gönüllü yardım çalışanlarının, yaptıkları yardım davranışı sonucunda deneyimledikleri ikincil travmatik stres belirtilerinin incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, İkincil Travmatik Stres Ölçeği Türkçeye uyarlanmış ve 228 profesyonel ve gönüllü yardım çalışanına uygulanmıştır. Travmatik stres belirtileri mesleki işlev (profesyonel yardım çalışanı veya gönüllü yardım çalışanı olmak), cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim düzeyi, mesleki deneyim süresi, travmatik yaşam olayı varlığı ve travmatik yaşantının türü değişkenlerine göre incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, profesyonel yardım çalışanlarının, gönüllü yardım çalışanlarına göre daha fazla travmatik stres belirtileri deneyimledikleri saptanmıştır. Yanı sıra, mesleğinde 11-15 yıldır çalışmakta olan katılımcıların travmatik stres belirtilerinin, mesleğini 1-5 yıldır sürdürmekte olan katılımcıların stres belirtilerinden daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Travmatik olarak değerlendirdikleri yaşam olayları deneyimleyen yardım çalışanlarının ikincil travmatik stres belirtilerinin, travmatik bir yaşam olayı deneyimlemeyen katılımcıların belirtilerinden daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Dikkat çekici olarak, yaşadıkları travmatik olaya meslekleri sebebi ile maruz kalan katılımcılar ile, yıkıcı yaşantısı kişisel hayatlarında meydana gelmiş olan katılımcıların, ikincil travma belirtileri arasında bir farklılık olmadığı görülmüştür. Bu sonuç, ikincil olarak travmatik bir olaya maruz kalmanın, doğrudan maruziyet ile benzer tepkiler ve yaşantılar ortaya çıkardığına işaret etmektedir.

Secondary traumatic stress in Turkish aid workers: Adaptation of a measure and investigation of secondary traumatic stress

This study aims to investigate the secondary traumatic stress symptoms of aid workers who carefor trauma victims as part of their jobs or as volunteers. To this end, Secondary Traumatic StressScale was adapted to Turkish and implemented to 228 professional and voluntary aid workers.Data were analyzed with respect to participants’ type of work (being either a professional or avolunteer aid worker), sex, age, education level, years spent at recruitment, presence of a traumatic incident, and type of traumatic incident. Analyses revealed that professional aid workers experienced more traumatic stress symptoms compared to volunteer aid workers. Furthermore, it wasfound that participants who had been working for between 11 and 15 years experienced moretraumatic stress symptoms than those who had been working for between 1 and 5 years. Thesefindings indicate that aid workers who had experienced an incident that they consider as traumaticshowed more secondary traumatic stress symptoms as opposed to those who had not experienceda traumatic incident. Notably, no significant difference was found between participants who wereexposed to the traumatic incident indirectly due to their work and participants who experiencedthe traumatic incident in their personal lives. This finding points out that exposure to a secondarytraumatic incident leads to similar responses and experiences with direct exposure.

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