Ece BEKAROĞLU

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İnfertilite tedavisinin psikolojik etkileri ve tedavi sürecindeki psikolojik müdahaleler

Dünya genelinde çocuk sahibi olmak isteyen çiftlerin %8-12’si çeşitli sebeplerle infertilite (kısırlık) tanısı almaktadır. Bu çiftlerin %10-12’sinde, yaşanılan probleme ilişkin fizyolojik bir açıklama bulunamamakta ve infertilite tanısı çoğu zaman psikolojik sebeplere atfedilmektedir. İnfertilite tanısını alan kişiler, bu tanı tıbbi bir müdahale gerektirdiği için biyolojik anlamda; tanı istedikleri halde çocuk sahibi olamamaya yol açtığı için sosyokültürel bağlamda ve tanının ortaya çıkarabildiği psikolojik rahatsızlıklar boyutunda infertiliteden etkilenmektedir. Tedaviye hazır olma konusunda biyopsikososyal süreçler kadar, kadının tedavinin gerektirdiklerini içsel bir çatışma olmadan kabul ederek tedaviye hazır olması; bir başka ifadeyle, kadının deneyimlediği psikolojik süreçler de dikkate alınmalıdır. Psikoloji tarihinde infertilite, öncelikle bilinçaltı savunma mekanizmaları ve çatışmalarla ele alınmış; ardından döngüsel psikoloji modeli, psikolojik sonuçlar modeli, psikososyal bağlam modeli, keder ve yas yaklaşımı, bireysel kimlik kuramları, aile sistemleri yaklaşımı ve evre modelleri ile açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu yaklaşımlar bağlamında psikoterapi hedefi tedavi öncesinde, tedavi sırasında ve tedavi sonrasında bireylerin bu yaşantıya uyum sağlama becerilerini artırmak ve travmatik etkiler yerine psikolojik büyüme ile süreci tamamlamalarını sağlamaktır. Psikolojik değerlendirmenin ardından tedavi klinik psikolog tarafından uygun görülen bireysel, çift/aile, destek grubu ya da terapi grubu ile sağlanabilir. Bu derleme çalışmasının hedefi, infertiliteye özgü psikoloji tarihi bakış açısından yararlanarak, infertilite tedavisini alan kişilerle çalışan psikologlara yaşanabilecek psikolojik süreçler ve müdahale yöntemleri konusunda bilgi vermektir.

Psychological effects of infertility treatment and psychological interventions in the treatment process

All around the world, 8-12% of the couples who want to have children are diagnosed with the infertility. 10-12% of these couples do not have an explanation for the reason of their diagnosis; therefore, infertility diagnosis is usually attributed to psychological processes. People who have the infertility diagnosis are affected at biological, sociocultural and psychological levels. In terms of readiness to treatment, the biopsychosocial processes as well as the psychological processes of the women should be taken into account. In the history of psychology, infertility has been initially explained by unconscious defense mechanisms and conflicts; and later, by psychological cyclical model, psychological consequences model, psychosocial context model, grief and bereavement approaches, individual identity theories, family systems approach and stage models. In this context, the aim of infertility psychotherapy is to enhance adaptation skills and psychological growth (rather than psychological trauma) before, during, and after infertility treatment. After psychological assessment, treatment can be provided with the appropriate individual level, couple/family level, support group or therapy group. The aim of this review is to inform psychologists working with infertility treatment about psychological processes and intervention methods in the light of infertility specific history of psychology.
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Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 2602-4438
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2017
  • Yayıncı: Klinik Psikoloji Araştırmaları Derneği
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