Zayıf Hadis Tespitinde Uygulanan Yöntemler -I-

Zayıf hadis, hadis kabul şartlarından biri veya daha fazlası eksik olan hadistir. Bilindiği gibi genel olarak hadisin kabul şartları üç tanedir. Birincisi senedin muttasıl olması, ikincisi bütün ravilerin güvenilir/sika olması ve illetin bulunmamasıdır. Hadiste zayıflık genellikle iki sebepten kaynaklanır. 1. Senedde inkıta bulunması. 2. Ravide cerhi gerektiren bir halin bulunması. Biz bu makalemizde isnadda inkıta sebebiyle zayıf olan hadislerin tespitinde uygulanan yöntemlerden bahsedeceğiz. Senedin muttasıl olması, isnadda yer alan her bir ravinin hadisi, hocasından hadis öğrenim ve öğretim yöntemlerinden biriyle almış olmasıdır. İnkıta, senedde en azından bir ravinin düşmesi demektir. Seneddeki ittisalin bozulması, inkıtaın meydana gelmesi veya şartın ortadan kalkması ile hadis zayıf hadisler arasında yer alır. Senedde herhangi birinin düşmesinden maksat, kasıtlı veya kasıtsız, senedin başından, ortasından veya sonundan bir veya birden fazla ravinin düşmesi suretiyle isnad zincirinin kopuk hale gelmesidir. Senedde inkıta olan hadislere genellikle munkatı kavramı kullanılır. Buna göre senedinin herhangi bir yerinde bir veya birden çok ravi düşerse veya müphem bir ravi zikredilirse bu hadise münkatı denilir. Senedde meydana gelen kopukluğun durumuna göre çeşitli isimler alır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Zayıf hadis, Mürsel, Münkatı, Mudal, Muallak, Müdelles, Mürsel hafi

Methods For Determining Weak Hadith -I-

A weak hadith is one that lacks one or more of the hadith acceptance conditions. As it is known, the acceptance conditions of the hadith are generally three. The first is that the chain of conveyors is muttasil, the second is that all narrators are reliable and there isn’t any malady. Weakness in hadith generally arises from two reasons. 1st: The inqitʻa in the chain. 2nd: A condition of a narrator that requires confutation (djarh). In this article, we will talk about the methods applied in the detection of hadiths that are weak due to any cut-off in chain of conveyors. The fact that the chain is muttasil is that each narrator in the chain received the hadith from his teacher through one of the methods of learning and teaching hadiths. Inqitʻa means the lack of at least one narrator in the chain. A hadith is among the weak ones, with the breakdown of the contiguousness in the chain, the occurrence of a cut-off, or the disappearance of the condition. What should be understood from a cut-off from the chain is that the chain of conveyors becomes disconnected, intentionally or unintentionally, because of the absence of one or more narrators in the beginning, in the middle or in the end of the chain. The term munqaṭiʻ is generally used for the hadith that has any cut-off in its chain. Accordingly, if one or more narrators are cut-off from any part of the chain, or an ambiguous narrator is mentioned in any part of the hadith, the hadith is called munqaṭiʻ. It takes various names according to the situation of the breach occurred in the chain.

Keywords:

Weak hadith, Al-Mursal, Al-Munqaṭiʻ, Al-Muʻḍal, Al-Muʻallaq, Al-Mudallis, Al-Mursal Al-Khafi,

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