Saklı Ada: Insula

Bu derleme yazısında insula’nın gros ve mikroskobik anatomisi, fizyolojik bağlantıları ve fonksiyonları ile çeşitli nörolojik ve psikiyatrik hastalıklardaki rolü hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Beynin eksternal yüzünden bakıldığında görülemeyen, ancak sulcus lateralisaralandığında görünür hale gelebilen, korikal bir saha olan insula, son 25-30 yılda fonksiyonlarınınanlaşılmaya başlanması ve bazı nörolojik ve psikiyatrik hastalıkların mekanizmasındaki rolünün tartışılabilir hale gelmesiyle nöro-görüntüleme çalışmalarının da ilgi odağı olmuştur. Insula’nın olfaktor saha, corpus amygdaloideum, entorhinal saha, gyrus cinguli ve hippocampus ile olan bağlantıları limbik sistem ile birlikte önemli fonksiyonları olduğunun önemli kanıtlarındandır. Bu gereksinim ışığında,insula hakkında literatürde yer alan bilgiler bir araya getirilmiştir. Limbik integrasyon ile visseral ve otonomik fonksiyonlardaki önemi sayesinde insula, demanstan şizofreniye kadar geniş bir yelpazede yer alan nöropsikiyatrik hastalıkların patomekanizmasında halen açıklığa kavuşturulmayı bekleyen birçok gizemi barındırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

insula, insular kortex, von economo nöronları, bilişsel fonksiyon, limbik sistem

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