Doğal Afetler ve Ruh Sağlığı İlişkisi

Afetler dünyada karmaşık bir küresel sorun olup, hayatımızın kaçınılmaz bir gerçeğidir. Dünya genelinde her yıl meydana gelen afetler bireyleri, toplumları ve ülkeleri etkilemektedir. Gelişmemiş ülkeler başta olmak üzere tüm dünyada afetlerin neden olduğu ruh sağlığı sorunları en çok ihmal edilen konular arasındadır. Bundan dolayı konuya dikkat çekmek ve alandaki boşluğu doldurmak için bu literatür çalışmasının anlaşılmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Bu araştırma doğal afetler ile ruhsal sağlığı arasındaki ilişki kapsamında ulusal ve uluslararası literatürün gözden geçirilmesini amaçlamıştır. Çalışmamızda halk sağlığı/tıp, insan ve toplum bilimi literatürüne ilişkin disiplinler arası sistematik olmayan bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Literatür taramasında 2011-2021 yılları arasında PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), Science Direct, Scopus, Google scholar elektronik akademik veri tabanlarında tam metinli yayınlanan afetlerin ruh sağlığı üzerine etkileri ve müdahaleleri içeren çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Literatür arama sürecinde “natural disasters”, “natural disasters+mental health”, “natural disasters+psychological health”, “natural disasters+early interventions” İngilizce anahtar sözcükler ve bunların Türkçe dilde karşılıkları kullanılmıştır. Çalışmamızda afet ve ruh sağlığı ile ilgili mevcut literatür incelenerek, afet ve ruh sağlığı bütüncül bir kavram olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışmamızda afet ve çeşitleri, ruh sağlığı, afet ve ruh sağlığı ilişkisi ve erken müdahaleler çalışmamızın kavramsal çerçevesi oluşturmaktadır. Afetlerin insanlar üzerindeki psikolojik etkilerini anlamak, müdahaleleri en uygun hale getirmeye yardımcı olabilir. Afetlerde kanıta dayalı müdahalelerin kullanılması, sıkıntıyı azaltabilir, refahı artırabilir ve etkilenen bireyler ve topluluklar için işleyişi iyileştirebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Afetler, Doğal afetler, Mental sağlık, Psikolojik sağlık, Erken müdahaleler

The Relationship between Natural Disasters and Mental Health

Disasters are a complex global problem and an inevitable fact of our lives. Disasters that occur every year worldwide affect individuals, societies, and countries. Mental health problems caused by disasters are among the most neglected issues worldwide, especially in underdeveloped countries. Therefore, it is necessary to understand this literature study to draw attention to the subject and fill the gap in the field. This research aimed to review the national and international literature on the relationship between natural disasters and mental health. Our study conducted an interdisciplinary non-systematic literature review on public health/medicine human and social science literature. Studies including the effects of disasters on mental health and interventions published in full text in PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), Science Direct, Scopus, Google scholar electronic academic databases between 2011-2021 were examined in the literature review. During the literature search, “natural disasters,” “natural disasters+mental health,” “natural disasters+psychological health,” “natural disasters+early interventions,” the English keywords and their Turkish equivalents were used. In our study, the existing literature on disaster and mental health has been read, and disaster and mental health have been discussed as a holistic concept. In our research, disaster and its types, mental health, the relationship between tragedy and mental health, and early interventions constitute the conceptual framework of our study. Understanding the psychological effects of disasters on people can help optimize responses. Using evidence-based interventions in disasters can reduce distress, increase well-being and improve functioning for affected individuals and communities.

Keywords:

Disasters, Natural disasters, Mental health, Psychological health, Early intervention,

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