Türkiye'nin Çevrenin Korunması-Büyüme İkilemi: Algıların ve Etki Eden Faktörlerin Analizi

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de ekonomik büyümenin sağlanması ve çevrenin korunması dikotomisi konusunda bireylerin tutumlarının belirleyicilerini analiz etmektedir. Çalışmada, lojistik modeller yardımıyla, maddi refah, yaşam memnuniyeti, yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim seviyesi, istihdam durumu, yerleşim yeri, dindarlık ve politik görüş gibi çeşitli sosyo-ekonomik ve sosyo-demografik faktörlerin bireylerin çevreyi önceliklendirme tutumlarına etkileri araştırılmaktadır. Dünya Değerler Araştırması, 7 Etap verilerini kullanarak elde edilen 1,935 katılımcılı örneklem kullanılarak yapılan lojistik regresyon analizi sonuçları, Türkiye’de daha yüksek maddi refaha ve yaşam memnuniyetine sahip bireylerin büyüme yerine çevreyi önceliklendirme eğilimlerinin daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları, Türkiye örneklemi için neoklasik yaklaşımın çevrenin bir lüks mal olarak kabul edilebileceği görüşünü desteklemektedir. Bununla beraber, 60 yaşın üzerindeki bireyler, yarı zamanlı çalışanlar ve emekliler, kendini dindar olarak tanımlamayan, yüksek eğitimli, daha fazla çocuğu olan ve sol ideolojiye sahip bireylerin, her kategorinin referans grubuna kıyasla ekonomik büyüme yerine çevresel korumaya öncelik verme eğiliminde oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Diğer taraftan, çevrenin korunmasını önceliklendirmede, referans gruplara kıyasla yerleşim yerine (kent-kır dikotomisi) veya cinsiyete dayalı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilememiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, Türkiye'nin makro düzeydeki büyüme ve çevre politikası dizaynlarında, sosyoekonomik ve demografik farklılıkların dikkate alınması gerektiğine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çevrenin Korunması, Büyüme, Türkiye, Post-materyalizm, Politika Tercihi

Turkey's Environment vs. Economic Growth Dilemma: Unpacking Perceptions and Influential Factors

This study analyzes the determinants of individuals' perceptions towards the dichotomy of achieving economic growth and environmental preservation in Turkey. Using logistic models, the study investigates the impact of various socio-economic and socio-demographic factors such as material well-being, life satisfaction, age, gender, education level, employment status, settlement type, religiosity, and political view on individuals' attitudes towards prioritizing the environment. The results of logistic regression analysis, based on a sample of 1.935 participants obtained using the World Values Survey, wave 7, indicate that individuals with higher material well-being and life satisfaction in Turkey tend to prioritize the environment over growth. The findings of this study confirm the neoclassical perspective on environment for the Turkish cohort, which indicates the environment can be accepted as a luxury good. Additionally, it is found that individuals aged 60 and above, part-time workers and retirees, those who do not identify as religious, highly educated individuals, those with more children, and individuals with a left-wing ideology are more inclined to prioritize environmental protection over economic growth compared to each category's reference group. On the other hand, no statistically significant differences based on settlement type (urban-rural dichotomy) or sex were detected in prioritizing environmental preservation over economic growth. The findings of the study indicate that, in designing Turkey's macro-level growth and environmental policies, socio-economic and demographic disparities need to be taken into consideration.

Keywords:

Environmental protection, Economic growth, Turkey, Post-materialism, Policy Preference,

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