Toplu Taşıma Araçları Sefer Sıklığı Belirleme ve Çizelgeleme Problemi

Günümüzde dünya nüfusunun artması, kentleşme oranının artması ve kıt kaynakların azalması çevresel farkındalığın artmasına neden olmaktadır. İnsanlar her gün evlerine, işlerine, okullarına gitmek ve sosyal aktivitelerde bulunmak için hareket etmektedirler yani şehir içinde yer değiştirmektedirler. Bu da kişisel araç, taksi, otobüs, minibüs kullanımının artmasına sebep olmaktadır. Yetkililer ise bu hareket veya dolaşım esnasında oluşan çevre kirliliğinin, gürültünün, karbon salınımının ve kazaların azalmasını sağlamak amacıyla toplu taşıma hizmetlerinin daha kullanılabilir hale gelmesi için çaba sarf etmektedirler. Toplu taşıma hizmetlerinin kullanımını arttırmak için kullanıcılara yani vatandaşlara daha sık, daha düzenli ve daha güvenilir hizmet verilmesi gerekmektedir. Toplu taşıma hizmetlerinin düzenlenmesi ile ilgili yapılan faaliyetler literatürde toplu taşıma ağ planlama süreci olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Toplu taşıma ağ planlama süreci, sırasıyla ağ planlama, sıklık oluşturma ve zaman çizelgesi geliştirme, araç çizelgeleme ve sürücü çizelgeleme faaliyetlerinden oluşmaktadır ve ağ planlama sürecinin her bir aşaması kendisinden sonra gelen aşamanın girdisi olmaktadır. Ağ tasarım faaliyetleri oldukça maliyetli olduğu ve alt yapı çalışmaları gerektirdiği için sefer sıklıklarını değiştirmek hizmet sağlayıcıları için daha kolaydır. Sefer sıklığı oluşturma ve zaman çizelgesi geliştirme aşaması kullanıcıların konforunu dikkate alan ve hizmet kalitesi ile ilgili olan planlama aşamasıdır. Bu sebeple, toplu taşıma kullanımının arttırılması üzerinde önemle durulması gereken bir konudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, toplu taşıma sefer sıklığı ayarlama ve zaman çizelgesi oluşturma problemlerini çözmeye yönelik metodolojik genel bir bakış ve örnekler sunmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Toplu taşıma, Toplu taşıma ağ planlama süreci, Sıklık ayarlama ve zaman çizelgesi geliştirme

Frequency Determination and Timetable Development Problem of Public Transit Vehicles

Today, the increase in the world population and the rate of urbanization as well as the decrease in scarce resources cause an increase in environmental awareness. People constantly move for different purposes such as going to their house, school, work and performing social activities. It causes usage of private car, taxi, bus, minibuses increase. Authorities are trying to make services of public transport vehicles more available on the purpose of reducing the environmental pollution, noise pollution, carbon emission and accidents which are caused during the movements in the city. It is necessary to provide more frequent, more regular and more reliable services to users (i.e., citizens) in order to increase the use of public transport services. The activities committed relating to the arrangement of public transportation services are named as public transportation network planning process in the literature. As the literature assesses, the public transit planning process is usually divided in a sequence of four steps: network design, frequencies setting and timetable development, the bus scheduling and the driver scheduling. The output of each activity positioned higher in the sequence becomes an important input for lower-level decisions. Since network design activities are very costly and require infrastructure investments, it is easier for service providers to change the frequency of busses The stage of creating a bus frequency and developing a timetable is the planning stage that takes into account the comfort of the users and is related to the service quality. For this reason, increasing the use of public transport is an issue that should be emphasized. In this direction, the purpose of this study is to provide an overview and examples of certain practical methodologies aimed at solving the public transit frequency setting and scheduling problems.

Keywords:

Public transportation, Public transit network planning process, Frequency setting and timetable development,

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