Büyükçay Havzası'nın (Elazığ) Erozyon Risk Haritasının Hazırlanması

Bu çalışmada ağırlıklı çakıştırma yöntemi kullanılarak Büyükçay Havzası'nın erozyon risk analizlerinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Elazığ'ın güneydoğusunda yer alan Büyükçay Havzası, Mastar Dağı ve Keban Barajı ile çevrilidir. Havzanın KD-GB doğrultusunda fayla kesilmesi önemli yükselti farkına neden olmuştur. Eğim değerlerinin yüksek olduğu havzada bitki örtüsü seyrektir. Büyükçay Havzası'nın iklimi, jeomorfolojik ve bitki örtüsü özellikleri nedeniyle çok şiddetli erozyon yaşanmaktadır. Erozyon sonucu özellikle kuzey ve kuzeybatıdaki dağlık alanlardan taşınan malzeme, havzanın batı ve doğusunda yer alan tarım alanlarını etkilemektedir. Bunun yanında taşınan malzeme Keban Baraj Gölü'nde siltasyona neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada eğim, bitki örtüsü, drenaj yoğunluğu ve toprak parlaklığı (tekstür) kullanılarak havza için erozyon risk analizleri yapılmıştır. Risk analizleri Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ve Uzaktan Algılama (UA) yöntemleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Yapılan arazi gözlemleri ile erozyon üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerin önem derecesi belirlenmiş ve bu faktörlere ağırlık değeri atanmıştır. Ağırlıkları belirlenen faktör haritaları toplanarak erozyon risk haritası oluşturulmuştur. Erozyon risk analizlerine göre Büyükçay Havzası'nın % 24'i erozyona karşı yüksek derecede risklidir. Orta derecede riskli alanlar % 44, riskin düşük olduğu alanlar ise % 25'lik orana sahiptir. Bu sonuçlara göre Büyükçay Havzası'nda erozyon riskinin yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle mikro havza faaliyetleri kapsamında erozyonla mücadele çalışmalarının hızlandırılması gerekmektedir

Forming Of Erosion Risk Map of Büyükçay Basin (Elazığ)

In this study, it has been aimed to carry out erosion risk analysis of Büyükçay Basin using weighted overlay method. Located in the southeast of Elazığ, Büyükçay Basin is surrounded by Mastar Mountain and Keban Dam. The basin's having been cut by a fault in NE-SW direction have caused significant difference in elevation. Vegetation is sparse in the basin, where slope values are high. Very severe erosions have been seen in Büyükçay Basin due to its climate, geomorphologic and vegetation features. As a result of the erosion, material especially carried from mountain areas in north and north-west, affects the agriculture lands in the east and west of the basin. Besides, carried material causes siltation in the Keban Dam Lake. In this study, erosion risk analysis has been done for the basin by using slope, vegetation, drainage density and soil brightness (texture). Risk analysis has been done using Geographıc Information Systems and Remote Sensing methods. Significance of factors on field observations and erosion have been assigned and weight value has been added to these factors. Collecting factor maps whose weigts have been determined, risk map has been created. According to the erosion risk analysis, an area of 24% in Büyükçay Basin is high-risk areas to the erosion. Medium-risk areas and low-risk areas have the rates of 44 % and 25%, respectively. Based on these results, the erosion risk in Büyükçay Basin is high. For this reason, erosion control studies must be accelerated within the scope of microbasin activities

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