Akdeniz çevresinde meydana gelen yüzeysel erozyonu azaltmaya yönelik yeni ve yenilikçi araçların kullanılması

ÖzetÇalışmanın amacı: Toprak erozyonu toplum üzerinde büyük etkilere sahip olabileceğinden ciddi bir çevresel sorundur. İklim değişikliğinin sadece toprak erozyonunu şiddetlendirmesi beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Yunanistan’da toprak eroyonunundaki azalmayı bir bütün olarak ele alan yeni teknolojiler kullanarak daha doğru bir şekilde ölçmektir. Çalışma alanı: Çalışma alanı, düz ve dik yamaç alanları ile farklı arazi kullanım alanları bulunan, sık olarak orman yangıları görülen, farklı koşullar altında toprak erozyonunu değerlendirme imkanı veren Thasos adası, Yunanistan’dır. Materyal ve Yöntem: Toprak erozyonu iki farklı ölçekte değerlendirildi (mikro ve makro ölçek). Mikro ölçekte, erozyon ve diğer etkileyici faktörleri ölçmek için ultrasonic teknoloji ile birlikte farklı sensörler kullanıldı. Macro ölçekte, öncelikle GIS’de mevcut olan bir toprak kayıp eşitliğinden yaralanıldı. Buna ek olarak, paydaşlar için bir Entegre Bilgi Sistemi geliştirildi. Sonuçlar: Doğru ve sürekli olarak toprak erozyonunu ölçen yeni bir araç geliştirildi. Otomatik Toprak Erozyonu İzleme Sistemi (ASEMS) belirli bir yerdeki çevresel değişiklikleri izleyebilir ve depolayabilir (mikro ölçek). Sistemin ölçebildiği değişkenler: i) toprak erozyonu/çökelmesi (taban seviyesi değişiklikleri), ii)toprak nemi, iii) toprak sıcaklığı, iv)yağış ve v)hava sıcaklığıdır. Son olarak, geniş alanlar (makro ölçek) için toprak erozyonunu azaltmaya imkan veren bir Entegre Bilgi sistemi (I2S) geliştirildi. Önemli Vurgular: Yunanistan’da devlet kuruluşlarının sürdürülebilir, etkili ve düşük maliyetli olarak toprak erozyonunu hafifletmede başarılı olabilmeleri için yararlanabilecekleri yeni araçlar (ASEMS and I2S) ve GIS’de calibre edilmiş bir eşitlik geliştirildi. Bu araçlar Akdeniz’in diğer bölgeleri için de uygulanabilir durumdadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ultrasonik Sensör, Entegre Bilgi Sistemi, Erozyon modelleri, Erozyon Risk Haritaları, İklim Değişikliği

Utilizing New and Innovative Tools to Mitigate Surficial Erosion in Mediterranean Environments

Abstract Aim of study: Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem since it can have major impacts on the human society. Climate change is only expected to exacerbate soil erosion. The aim of this study was to use new technologies to measure more accurately and address holistically soil erosion mitigation in Greece.Area of study: The study area was on Thasos Island, Greece that has flat and steep slope areas, different types of land-uses and frequent wildfires that allowed to assess soil erosion under different conditions.Material and Methods: Soil erosion was estimated at two different scales (micro and macroscale). For the miscrocale, different sensors along with the use of ultrasonic technology were employed to measure erosion and other influencing factors. For the macroscale, firstly a soil loss equation in GIS was utilized. In addition, an Integrated Information System was developed for stakeholders.Main results: A new tool that measures accurately and continuously soil erosion was developed. The Automated Soil Erosion Monitoring System (ASEMS) can monitor and store important environmental variables at a specific location (microscale). The variables it measured were: i) soil erosion/deposition (ground level changes), ii) soil moisture, iii) soil temperature, iv) rainfall and v) air temperature. Finally, an Integrated Information System (I2S) that allowed to mitigate soil erosion for large areas (macroscale) was developed. Highlights: New tools (ASEMS and I2S) and a calibrated equation in GIS were developed that could be utilized by government agencies in Greece to accomplish sustainable, effective and cost-efficient mitigation of soil erosion. These tools are also applicable in other regions of the Mediterranean.

Keywords:

Ultrasonic Sensor, Integrated Information System, Erosion Models, Erosion Risk Maps, Climate Change,

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