Kazakistan Bankacılık Sisteminin Yapısı ve İstikrarı

Ekonomik istikrarın sağlanmasının en önemli ön şartlarından birisi, etkin ve istikrarlı bir şekilde işleyen finansal piyasaların, finansal kuruluşların ve ödeme sistemlerinin varlığıdır. Bu kapsamda günümüzde merkez bankaları fiyat istikrarının yanısıra finansal istikrarı da temel politika öncelikleri arasına yerleştirmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada finansal sistemin en önemli kurumsal yapılarından biri olan bankacılık sistemi, Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti özelinde tarihsel, kurumsal perspektif ve istikrar üzerinden değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuş, ülkede faaliyet gösteren bankaların istikrar/sağlamlık düzeyleri 2008 sonrası dönem için 4 farklı ölçüm metoduyla analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, Kazakistan bankacılık sektörü 2008 krizinden önemli ölçüde etkilenmiş, 2009 yılında sektörün sağlamlık göstergeleri en düşük değerlerini almış, bir sonraki yıl toparlanmaya başlamış, bu tarihten sonra bazı yıllar küçük ölçekli bozulmalar olmakla birlikte 2017 yılına kadar orta derecede sağlıklı bir görüntü vermiştir. 2017 yılında yaşanan düşüşün ardından tekrar toparlanmaya başlayan sektörde Covid-19 pandemisinin küresel ölçekte oluşturduğu tahribattan kaynaklı ciddi bir istikrarsızlık tespit edilememiştir. Ele alınan dönem içerisinde sektörün en önemli finansal sorunlarından biri olarak geri dönmeyen kredilerin öne çıktığı görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Finansal istikrar, Finansal sıkıntı, Kazakistan bankacılık sektörü, finansal sağlamlık ölçümleri

Structure and Stability of the Kazakhstan Banking System

One of the most important prerequisites for ensuring economic stability is the existence of effective and stable financial markets, financial institutions and payment systems. In this context, today, central banks have placed financial stability among their main policy priorities as well as price stability. In this study, the banking system, which is one of the most important institutional structures of the financial system, was evaluated in terms of historical, institutional perspective and stability in the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the stability/soundness levels of the banks operating in the country were analyzed with 4 different financial distress forecasting methods for the post-2008 period. According to the results of the analysis, the Kazakhstan banking sector was significantly affected by the 2008 crisis, the soundness indicators of the sector had their lowest values in 2009, it started to recover in the next year, after this date, although there were small-scale deteriorations for some years, it showed a moderately healthy image until 2017. In addition, no serious instability could be detected due to the destruction caused by the Covid-19 pandemic on a global scale in the sector, which started to recover after the decline in 2017. It is seen that non-performing loans came to the forefront as one of the most important financial problems of the sector during the period under consideration.

Keywords:

Financial stability, Financial distress, Kazakhstan banking sector, Financial soundness measurements,

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