Antibakteriyel Etkiye Sahip Penisilin G’nin Drosophila melanogaster’in Antioksidan Savunma Sistemi Üzerine Etkisi

Tarım ürünlerinin verimini etkileyen zararlı organizmaları engellemek, kontrol altına almak veya zararlarını azaltmak için çeşitli pestisitler kullanılmaktadır. Bu kimyasal maddelerin kontrolsüz ve aşırı kullanımları hem çevre hem de bütün canlılar için tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Zararlı böcekler ile mücadelede kullanılan kimyasal maddelerin etkili olabilmesi için laboratuvar koşullarında model organizmalar üzerinde bu maddelerin canlı üzerindeki fizyolojik etkilerinin iyi bilinmesi gerekir. Bu çalışmada model organizma olarak Drosophila melanogaster kullanılmış olup, insektisitlere alternatif bir madde olarak antibakteriyel bir etkiye sahip penisilin G’nin böcek üzerinde oksidatif etkisi ve antioksidan kapasitesindeki değişimler incelenmiştir. Kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında en düşük denenen konsantrasyon olan 100 mg/L penisilin G içeren besin, böceğin 3. evre larvasında, MDA miktarını 8,39 ± 2,65 nmol/mg proteinden 18,92 ± 3,22 nmol/mg proteine istatistiksel olarak önemli derecede artırdığı tespit edildi. 400 mg/L’lik besinde 3. evre larvalarında protein karbonil miktarı 1539,69 ± 286,45 nmol/mg protein’e yükseldiği tespit edilmiş ve istatistiksel olarak önemli çıkmıştır. Kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında larval evredeki GST aktivitesinin 100 mg/L’de istatistiksel olarak önemli bir artış tespit edildi. Böceğin pup ve ergin evresinde 400 mg/L bulunduran besin grubunda, CAT aktivitesi sırasıyla 547,58 ± 55,56 µmol/mg protein/dk, 242,24 ± 42,85 µmol/mg protein/dk olarak tespit edilmiş olup, bu sonuç kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında önemli derecede yüksek bulundu. Pup evresindeki SOD aktivitesi en düşük penisilin miktarında (100 mg/L) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış gözlemlendi. 400 mg/L’de kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında pup evresinde GPx aktivitesi yaklaşık iki katı oranında arttığı tespit edildi. Elde edilen sonuçlar ile Penisilin G’nin böceğin farklı evrelerindeki antioksidan enzimler üzerinde ve oksidatif stres belirteçlerinde önemli değişimlere sebep olduğu tespit edildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Drosophila melanogaster, MDA, PCO, CAT, SOD, GPx, Penisilin G

Effect of Antibacterial Penicillin G on Antioxidant Defense System of Drosophila melanogaster

Various pesticides are used to prevent, control or reduce harmful organisms that affect the yield of agricultural products. The uncontrolled and excessive use of these chemical substances poses a danger to both the environment and all living things. In order for the chemicals used in the management against harmful insects to be effective, the physiological effects of these substances on model organisms must be well known in laboratory conditions. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster was used as a model organism, and the oxidative effect of penicillin G, which has an antibacterial effect as an alternative to insecticides, on the insect and changes in antioxidant capacity were investigated. 100 mg/L of penicillin G concentration compared to the control, statistically significantly increased the MDA content from 8.39 ± 2.65 nmol/mg protein to 18.92 ± 3.22 nmol/mg protein in the 3rd stage larva of the insect. It was determined that the amount of protein carbonyl in the 3rd stage larvae increased to 1539.69 ± 286.45 nmol/mg protein in 400 mg/L diet and it was statistically significant. Compared with the control group, a statistically significant increase in GST activity in the larval stage was detected at 100 mg/L. 400 mg/L of penicillin G concentration in the pupa and adult stages of the insect, the CAT activity was determined as 547.58 ± 55.56 µmol/mg protein/min, 242.24 ± 42.85 µmol/mg protein/min, respectively. was significantly higher compared to the control. A statistically significant increase was observed in the lowest amount of penicillin G (100 mg/L) in the SOD activity in the pup stage. Compared to the control group at 400 mg/L, GPx activity was found to increase approximately twice in the pup stage. With the results obtained, it was determined that Penicillin G caused significant changes on antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers in different stages of the insect.

Keywords:

Drosophila melanogaster, MDA, PCO, CAT, SOD, GPx, Penicillin G,

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