Tsitsino DAVİTULİANİ, Maıa AZMAİPARASHVİLİ

TURİZM ENDÜSTRİSİNDE İŞGÜCÜ PİYASASI ARAŞTIRMASI VE İŞVEREN TALEBİNİN ANALİZİ: GÜRCİSTAN ÖRNEĞİ

Turizm sektörü, ülkenin birçok ekonomik sorununu çözebilecek sosyo-ekonomik bir olgu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İstihdam meselesi Gürcistan'da ciddi bir ulusal sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Turizm sektörünün gelişmesi istihdam meselesine doğru orantılı bir etkiye sahiptir. Turizmdeki ürün ve hizmetlerin kalite düzeyi büyük ölçüde emek sermayesine bağlıdır. Konaklama sektöründe önemli bir sorun nitelikli işgücü eksikliğidir. Bu durum özellikle Covid salgını sonrası dönemde kendini daha fazla belli etmiştir. Çalışmada işgücü piyasasındaki mevcut durum, turizm sektörünün ihtiyaçları, sorunları ve turizm mesleklerinin arz ve talebi konusu değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı, istihdam piyasasının dinamiklerini analiz etmek, İnsani beceriler konusunda işverenler tarafından talep edilen profesyonel yetenekleri belirlemek, boş kontenjanların doldurulmasıyla ilgili zorlukları incelemek, turizm sektöründe istihdam için ana kriter olarak eğitim ve başarı düzeyinin işgücü piyasasında talep edilen becerilerle örtüşme oranını belirlemek, açık kalan pozisyonların nedenlerini incelemek, mevcut zorlukları belirlemekle birlikte gerekli tavsiyelerde bulunmaktır. Araştırmada mevcut sorunu bir bütün olarak ortaya koymak için işveren, iş sunan resmi siteler ile eğitim sistemi gibi üç ana kategori üzerinde durulmuştur. Tespit edildiğine göre insan gücü sıkıntısı, çevresel değişim gibi çeşitli faktörlerden ve hatta eğitim sistemi gibi daha köklü alanlardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Araştırma sürecinde nitel, nicel ve istatistiksel analiz yöntemleri kullanıldı. Araştırma sürecinde konu ile ilgili literatür taranarak, Gürcistan Ulusal İstatistik Kurumu’u ile çeşitli istihdam sitelerinin verileri kullanılarak, tutulan anketler ve elde edilen veriler sınıflandırılarak nicel analiz yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İşgücü Piyasası, İstihdam, Turizm Endüstrisi, Sorunlar, Zorluklar, Hizmet Kalitesi.

LABOR MARKET RESERCH AND EMPLOYER DEMAND ANALYSIS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY: GEORGIAN EXPERIENCE

The tourism industry appears as a socio-economic phenomenon that can solve many economic problems facing the country. Employment remains an acute national problem in Georgia, the development of the tourism industry has a directly proportional effect on this indicator of economic importance. The level of quality of tourism products and services largely depends on labor capital. A significant problem in the hospitality sector is the lack of skilled labor, especially in the recovery from the pandemic. The paper describes the assessment of the current situation in the labor market, the needs and problems of the tourism sector, and the issue of demand and supply of tourism professions. The purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the employment market, to reveal the professional skills demanded by employers on the human capital skills. Study of difficulties related to filling vacancies. Education and the achieved level as the main criterion for employment in the tourism sector and determining the compliance with the required skills in the labor market, identifying the reasons for unfilled vacant positions, identifying existing challenges and formulating individual recommendations. In order to present the problem in a complex way, within the framework of the research, three categories of subjects were distinguished: employers, existing official sites offering jobs and the field of education. The identified manpower shortage is caused by various aspects such as environmental change and even deeper roots such as the education system. Qualitative, quantitative, qualitative, statistical analysis methods were used in the research process. The research itself included the processing of existing literature, the search for statistical data with the direct help of the National Statistical Service of Georgia, the use of various employment sites, conducting surveys and interviews, sorting and quantitative analysis of the retrieved data.

Keywords:

Labor Market, Employment, Tourism Industry, Problems, Challenges, Quality of Service.,

PDF

___

Andersson, N., & Wallin, H. (2018). The role of tourism on labor market integration in Sweden. Jonkoping University.
Arnania-Kepuladze T., (2014). The German Model of Labor Market Segmentation: Around the Discussions of German Scholars. Ekonomisti.
Azmaiparashvili, M., (2021b). The Reality of the Covid-19 Pandemic and the Challenges of the Tourism Industry in Georgia. Globalization and Business. 11. https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2021.11.017
Bedianashvili, G. (2021). Macroeconomic and Cultural Determinants of the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences, 15 (2).
Bedianashvili, G., Bichia, Q., & Natsvlishvili, E. (2021). Development of Entrepreneurial Activity, Labor Market and Modern Challenges of Higher Education. Globalization and Business. 12, (In Georgian). https://doi.org/10.35945/ gb.2021.12.002. Challenges of Georgian Tourism Management and COVID-19 (2020). https://tourister.ge/ge/blog/georgian-tourism-management-challenges-and-covid-19/225 (In Georgian).
Conefrey, A., Hanrahan, J., (2022). Comparative analysis of national tourism decarbonization plans, European Journal of Tourism Research.
Diakonidze, M. (2021). Tourism Insurance Market, Risks and Prospects: The Case Study. Journal of Corporate Governance, Insurance, and Risk Management. 8 (1).
Douglas, E. (2012). Proposed Standard Definitions and Classifications for Travel Research, “Research Methods for Leisure, Recreation and Tourism” (book review), Tourism Management. 33 (6).
Georgian Tourism Association (2021). Tourism and Hospitality Sector Research on the need for professional skills. Herman (2015). S. Management of human resources in tourism. http://www.efos.unios.hr/repec/osi/ journl/PDF/ InterdisciplinaryManagementResearchXI/IMR11a16.pdf
Keller, P. (2004). Chairman of the OECD Tourism Committee, Conclusions of the Conference on Innovation and Growth in Tourism.
Lade, C., Strickland, P., Frew, E., Willard, P., Osorio, S.C., Nagpal, S., Vitartas, P. (Eds.). (2020). International Tourism Futures. Tourism Futures: The Drivers and Impacts of Change. European Journal of Tourism Research. 21,10 20, 230. https://ejtr.vumk.eu.
Marketing Travel and Tourism, (1975), (Seventh Annual Conference Proceedings), The Travel Research Association, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia (2019). Georgian Labor Market Analysis.
Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia (2018). Labor Market Needs Survey in Tourism Industry.
Neiua, A., N. & Predonua, A., M. (2013). Effects of Tourism on Labour Market. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 92.
Patapios Kontis, A., Skoultsos, S., (2021). Digital evolution in tourism marketing channels: Greek tourism industry and Online Travel Agencies, European Journal of Tourism Research Vol.10 14, 2021. https://ejtr.vumk.eu.
Schubert S., (2012). Tourism and unemployment: The effects of a boom in tourism demand on unemployment, Tourism Economics, 4, (2).
Schubert S. (2011). The effects of total factor productivity and export shocks on a small open economy with unemployment, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 35.
United Arab Emirates (2015). Travel and Tourism, Economic Impact.
Tsartsidze M., (2010). Formation and Functioning of Georgian Labour Market. Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Center for Migration Studies.
Tsartsidze, M., Latsabidze, N., (2021). Labor Market and Peculiarities of Informal Employment in the Context of the Global Pandemic. Globalization and Business. 12, (In Georgian). https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2021.12.017 Tsintsadze, G. (2020). Natural resources and labor market. Social Justice Center (In Georgian). https://socialjustice.org.ge/ka/products/bunebrivi-resursebi-da-shromis-bazari
World Travel & Tourism Council (2015). Economic impact Reports. https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/travel-and-World Travel & Tourism Council (2019). Economic Impact Reports. https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact