ÇİN VE AMERİKA REKABETİNDE ORTA ASYA’NIN KONUMU

Amerika 20.yüzyıl dünya ekonomisi ve siyasetinde belirleyici dünya gücü olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür. 21. yüzyılda da liderlik statüsünü koruyup koruyamayacağı 1978 yılı sonrası reformlarla hızla gelişmekte olan, iktisadi askeri ve siyasi olarak oldukça ilerleme kaydeden ve gelişmeye devam edeceği beklenen Çin karşısında sorgulanmaya başlamıştır. Amerika yönetimi ve halkının mevcut gerçekler karşısında düşman algısı büyük derecede değişmeye, Çin tehdidi gittikçe İslam ve Rus tehdidinin yerini almaya başlamıştır. Amerikalılar günümüzde artık kendi güvenliğine ve dünyadaki liderlik statüsüne en büyük rakibin Çin olduğuna inanmaktadır. Amerika hükümeti Asya’ya yönelik stratejiler, politikalar geliştirerek uygulamaya başlamış ve dünya çapında işbirliği arama sürecine girmiştir. Çin bunu kendini çevrelemek olarak algılamakla kalmamış, aksine dünyanın süper gücü olma hayalini gerçekleştirmek için batı stratejisi başta olmak üzere Kuşak Yol gibi projeleri geliştirerek etki alanını genişletmeye başlamıştır. Orta Asya özel coğrafik konumuyla hem Amerika hem de Çin açısından gittikçe önem kazanarak, büyük güçlerin yeni bir rekabet alanı olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada nicel ve nitel verilere dayanarak Çin ile Amerika’da cereyan eden siyasi, ekonomik gelişmelerin dünya güç dengelerinin değişimine olan etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. İki devlet arasında ortaya çıkan ticaret savaşları ve onun nedenlerinin ele alınmasıyla beraber iki süper gücün küresel rekabetindeki Orta Asya’nın önemi incelenmiştir.

THE POSITION OF CENTRAL ASIA IN THE COMPETITION OF CHINA AND AMERICA

America survived as the decisive world power in the 20th century world economy and politics. Whether it will maintain its leadership status in the 21st century or not has started to be questioned in the face of China, which was rapidly developed after 1978 reforms. It has made considerable progress in increasing economic, military and political influence and is expected to continue growth in the near future. In face of reality, the perception of the enemy has started to change drastically both in American administration and its people. The Chinese threat has gradually begun to replace the threat of Islam and Russia. Americans now believe that China is the biggest competitor to its security and leadership status in the world. The US government started to develop strategies and policies for Asia and entered the process of seeking cooperation worldwide. China not only does perceive this as encirclement, but rather, it has expanded its ​​influence by developing projects such as Towards the West strategy, Belt and Road Initiatives, to realize the dream of becoming the world's superpower. Central Asia, with its special geographical location, has gained increasing importance for both America and China, and has emerged as a new competition arena of ​​great powers. In this study, the effects of political and economic developments occurring in China and America to the change on balance of power is evaluated based on quantitative and qualitative data. The trade wars between them and its causes, as well as the importance of Central Asia in the global competition of the two superpowers have been examined. 

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