BAZI SÖZCÜKLERİN ÇAĞRIŞIMSAL MANALARI: ANLAMSAL FARKLANDIRMA ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA

Çağrışım ve düzanlam anlam bilimin önemli iki ana başlıklarıdır. Sözcüklerin çağrışımsal manaları sözde farklandırma teknikleri uygulayarak incelenebilirler. Bu da bize sözcüklerin duygusal manalarının yanısıra metaforik manalarını da tanımlamamızı ve onlar hakkında fikir yürütmemizi sağlar. Bu araştırmada, ''mum'', ''mother'', ''home'', ''house'', ''man'', ve ''person'' sözcüklerinin bu türden manaları çalışıldı. Zıt manalı sıfatlardan oluşan yedili likert ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Anket Saraybosna Üniversitesinde 21'inin erkek, 55'inin de kızların olduğu 76 öğrenci üzerinde uygulanmıştır. ''mum'' sözcüğü ''mother'' ile karşılaştırıldığında kulağa ''daha genç, güçlü, güzel ve samimi'' gelmektedir. ''Home''sözcüğü ''house'' ile karşılaştırıldığında ''daha sıcak, yumuşak, aktif, güzel, yakın ve belirgin anlaşılmaktadır. Çağrışımsal manalar göztergebilim ve anlambilimin ilginç konularıdır.

CONNOTATIVE MEANINGS OF SOME SIMILAR WORDS: AN APPLICATION OF SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL

Connotation and denotation are two important topics in semantics. Connotation of words can be examined by applying so-called semantic differential technique. It can help us to describe and estimate metaphorical as well as emotional meanings of words. In this study, we estimated the meaning of the following words: ''mum'', ''mother'', ''home'', ''house'', ''man'', and ''person''. We used a seven-point Likert scale, with ten pairs of opposites (adjectives). This scale was distributed among 76 students at the University of Sarajevo, where 21 of them were males and 55 were females. Our results pointed out the three following things. First, the word ''mum'' compared to the word ''mother'' sounds ''younger'', more ''active'', ''stronger'', more ''beautiful'', and ''closer''. The word ''home'' compared to the word ''house'' was somehow ''hotter'', ''softer'', more ''active'', more 'beautiful'', ''closer'', and more ''clear''. Connotative meanings seem to be a very interesting subject of semiotics/semantics. 

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