Muharrem Akın DOĞANAY, Mustafa Kemal DEĞER

KURUMLAR VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ (2002-2018)

Öz Günümüzde ekonomik büyüme ve ekonomik büyümeyi etkileyen faktörler, önemli tartışma konularından biridir. Bu bağlamda kurumların, ülkelerin ekonomik büyümesini açıklamadaki rolüne giderek artan bir vurgu vardır. Ancak, hangi kurum ve yönetişim göstergelerinin daha önemli olduğuna dair bir görüş birliğine varılamamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tüm gelir grubundaki ülkelerde kurumların ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini ampirik olarak incelemektir. Bu çalışmada, Dünya Bankası Dünya Çapında Yönetişim Göstergelerinden elde edilen veriler ile 2002-2018 dönemi için 23 azgelişmiş, 63 gelişmekte olan ve 48 gelişmiş ülke örneği ele alınmış ve iki aşamalı sistem genelleştirilmiş momentler yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ampirik sonuçlar, kurumların ülkelerin ekonomik büyümesi için önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Kurumsal göstergeler arasında, idari kaliteyi ülkelerdeki kişi başı GSYH artışının açıklanmasında en önemli faktör olarak yorumlamak mümkündür. Bunun yanında hükümetin etkinliği de ekonomik büyüme için oldukça önemlidir. Hukukun üstünlüğü, ifade özgürlüğü ve hesap verebilirlik ile yolsuzluğun kontrolü ise ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif ve anlamlı bir şekilde etkilerken, diğer göstergelere göre etkileme katsayıları düşüktür. Siyasi istikrar ve şiddetsizlik ise beklenenin aksine ülkelerde ekonomik büyümeyi oldukça az bir şekilde etkilemektedir. Ancak, ekonomik büyüme için yalnızca kurumların kalitesinin yeterli olamayacağına dikkat etmek gerekmektedir. Çalışma kurumlarla birlikte, hükümet harcamaları, gayri safi sermaye birikimi, nüfus artış hızı, enflasyon ve ticaretin serbestleşmesi gibi yapısal faktörlerin de ülkelerin ekonomik büyümesinde önemli bir etkisi olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları kurumların ekonomik büyümede önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla istikrarlı ve kalıcı bir büyüme için ülkelerin kurumları güçlendirici politikalara öncelik vermesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kurumlar, Yönetişim, Ekonomik Büyüme, GMM Yöntemi

INSTITUTIONS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS (2002-2018)

Today, economic growth and the factors of economic growth are one of the important topics of discussion topics. In this context, there is an increasing emphasis on the role of institutions in explaining the economic growth of countries. However, there is no consensus on which institutions and governance indicators are more important. The aim of this study is to examine empirically the effects of institutions on economic growth in all income group countries. In this study, the data obtained from World Bank World-wide Governance Indicators for the 23 less developed, 63 developing and 48 developed countries are examined in the 2002-2018 period and analysed two-stage system generalized moments method. Empirical results show that institutions are important for economic growth of countries. Among the institutional quality indicators, regulatory quality appears to be the most important factor for explaining the increase in GDP per capita in all countries. In addition, government effectiveness is very important for economic growth. While the indicators of voice and accountability, rule of law and the control of corruption affect economic growth positively and significantly, the effects of coefficients are low compared to other indicators. Political stability and However, it is important to note that only the quality of institutions cannot be sufficient for economic growth. The study reveals that structural factors such as government expenditures, gross capital accumulation, population growth rate, inflation and liberalization of trade have an important impact on economic growth. The findings of the study show that institutions are important in economic growth. Therefore, for a stable and permanent growth, countries should give priority to institutional strengthening policies.

Keywords:

Institutions, Governance, Economic Growth, GMM Method,

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