COVID-19 DÖNEMİNDE BİR İŞTE TUTMA POLİTİKASI OLARAK UYGULANAN KISA SÜRELİ ÇALIŞMA SİSTEMİ: ALMANYA (KURZARBEIT SİSTEM) DENEYİMİ

En çok belirsizlik özelliği ile ön plana çıkan COVID-19 pandemisinin en önemli sonuçlarından birini şüphesiz artan işsizlik oranları oluşturmuştur. Bu durum esnek istihdam politikalarının önem kazanmasına yol açmıştır. Zorlayıcı sebebe bağlı olarak şekillenen ve kısa süreli çalışma programları ile ön plana çıkan bu politikalar, pandemi döneminde en fazla tercih edilen ve çoğunlukla Avrupa’da uygulanan politikalar olma özelliği ile ön plana çıkmıştır. Avrupa modeli olarak da adlandırılan bu politikalar bütününün en başarılı örneklerinden birini, 2008 krizinin etkilerini başarıyla absorbe eden ve işsizlik oranlarını kontrol altında tutmada önemli rol oynayan kurzarbeit sistemi oluşturmaktadır. Alman kısa süreli çalışma modeli olarak da tanımlanabilen bu sistem sonrasında, tüm dünyada popüler bir hal almış ve tanınmıştır. Buna göre yapılan çalışmanın amacını pandemi döneminde önemli bir işte tutma politikası olarak uygulanan kurzarbeit sistemin; 2008-09 küresel mali kriz döneminde gösterdiği başarılı tecrübesi ile COVID-19 dönemindeki performansının kıyaslanması ve pandemi sonrası toparlanma politikalarında üstlenebileceği misyonların sorgulanması oluşturulmaktadır. Yapılan çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemi kapsamında örnek olay çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak geniş kapsamlı ve önemli oranda devlet desteği ile şekillenen kurzarbeit sistemi, küresel kriz döneminde olduğu gibi COVID-19 döneminde de Almanya’da işsizlik oranlarını kontrol altında tutmada büyük rol oynamış ve başarılı bir sınav vermiştir. Ayrıca pandemi sürecinde genişletilerek uygulanan sistem, pandemi sonrası toparlanma politikaları için de önemli argümanlar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

COVID-19, İşte Tutma, Kısa Süreli Çalışma, Almanya, Kurzarbeit Sistemi

SHORT-TIME WORK SYSTEM APPLIED AS A JOB RETENTION POLICY IN DURING COVID-19: GERMANY EXPERIENCE (KURZARBEIT SYSTEM)

Undoubtedly, one of the most important results of the COVID-19 pandemic, which stands out with its uncertainty feature, is the increasing unemployment rates. This situation has led to the importance of flexible employment policies. These policies, which were shaped due to compelling reasons and came to the forefront with short-term work programs, came to the forefront as the most preferred and mostly implemented in Europe during the pandemic period. One of the most successful examples of these policies, also called the European model, is the kurzarbeit system, which successfully absorbed the effects of the 2008 crisis and played an important role in keeping unemployment rates under control. This system, which can also be defined as the German short-term working model, became popular and famous all over the world. Accordingly, the aims of the study are as follows: The kurzarbeit system, which was implemented as an important job retention policy during the pandemic period; Comparison of its successful experience during the 2008-09 global financial crisis and its performance in the period of COVID-19. And questioning the missions it can undertake in post-pandemic recovery policies. The research was carried out within the framework of case study within the scope of qualitative research method. As a result, the kurzarbeit system, which was shaped by extensive and significant government support, played a major role in keeping unemployment rates under control in Germany during the COVID-19 period as well as during the global crisis. and passed the exam successfully. In addition, the system, which has been expanded and applied during the pandemic process, offers important arguments for post-pandemic recovery policies.

Keywords:

COVID-19, Job Retention, Short-Term Working (STW), Germany, Kurzarbeit System,

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