Sema ALACAHAN YİĞİT, Celal KUŞ, Raziye Şule GÜMÜŞTAKIM, Veysel DOĞRU, Mustafa Emre ERYILMAZ

Kronik Hastalığı Olan Erişkinlerin Koronavirüs-19 Korkuları

Amaç: Koronavirüs-19 (COVID-19) salgınının, dünya genelinde sağlık sisteminde birçok aksaklığa sebep olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin salgın sürecindeki COVID-19 korkularının ve bu korkuya neden olabilecek etkenlerin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Bu çalışma, COVID-19 salgını sürecinde ve olası yeni salgınlarda doğru sağlık stratejilerinin geliştirilmesinde yol gösterici olabilmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamızın evrenini Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’ne 3 aylık sürede başvuran 18 yaş üstü 92350 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem %5 hata payı, %95 güven aralığı ve %10 veri kaybı olasılığı ile hesaplandığında 421 kişi olarak belirlenmiştir. Veriler literatür taraması sonucunda oluşturulmuş anketlerin gönüllü bireylere yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak uygulanması ile elde edilmiştir. Ankette sosyodemografik özellikler ve salgın süreci ile ilgili çeşitli sorulara ek olarak koronavirüs (COVID-19) korkusu ölçeği uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel analiz SPSS 21.0 paket programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda sağlıklı grubun çoğunluğunu (%52.5) erkekler oluştururken, hasta grubun çoğunluğunu (%56.9) kadınlar oluşturmaktadır. Sağlıklı grupta en sık %53..1 ile 18-34 yaş grubu insan varken, hasta grubunda en sık %33.0 ile 50-64 yaş grubu yer almaktadır. 65 yaş ve üzeri sıklığı sağlıklı grupta %0.6 iken, hasta grubunda %13.8 olarak bulunmuştur. Yaş grupları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır (p<0.001). Kronik hastalığı olan ve olmayan gruplar arasında kıyaslama yapıldığında ise ortalama COVID-19 korkusu ölçeği puanları kronik hastalığı olan kişilerde daha yüksek çıkmıştır (p<0.001). Sonuç: Kronik hastalığı olan kişilerin rutin bakımlarının aksamaması için salgın sürecinde ve sonrasında psikolojik destek programlarına ve sağlık kaynaklarının yeni bir adaptasyonuna ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kronik hastalık, Covid-19, Korku, Pandemi

The Fear of Coronavirus Disease-19 in Adults with Chronic Disease

Objective: Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) epidemic is known to have caused many setbacks worldwide. This study determined the COVID-19 fears in the epidemic process of individuals with chronic disease and the factors that could cause these fear. Furthermore, this study aims to be a guide to the process of the COVID-19 epidemic and the development of the right health strategies for potential new outbreaks. Materials and Methods: The universe of our work is composed of 92350 people over 18 who applied to Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine between 01.07.2020 and 30.09.2020. When the sample was calculated with a 5% margin of error, a 95% confidence interval and a 10% chance of data loss, 421 people were identified. The data were obtained through the application of surveys generated by the literature screening using face-to-face discussions with the volunteers. In addition to various questions about sociodemographic features and the epidemic process, COVID-19 fear scale has been applied to the survey. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 21.0 package program. Results: In our study, the most healthy group (52.5%) was made up of men, while the most patient group (56.9%) was women. The healthy group has the most common 53.1 to 18%-34% age group, and the patient group has the most common 33.0 to 50%-64% age group. The frequency of 65 years and older was 0.6% in the healthy group and 13.8% in the patient group. Although, the difference between the age groups was statistically significant (p<0.001) when compared to groups with chronic and non-chronic, the average COVID-19 fear scale has increased in people with chronic disease (p<0.001). Conclusion: A new adaptation of psychological support programs and health resources is required during and after the outbreak to avoid disturbing the routine maintenance of persons with chronic diseases.

Keywords:

Chronic disease, Covid-19, Fear, Pandemic,

PDF

___

WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://COVID19.who.int/ (Access Date: 04.08.2022).
Atrooz F, Liu H, Salim S. Stress, psychiatric disorders, molecular targets, and more. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2019;167:77-105.
Bakioğlu F, Korkmaz O, Ercan H. Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021;19(6):2369-2382.
Kluge HHP, Wickramasinghe K, Rippin HL, Mendes R, Peters DH, Kontsevaya A et al. Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in the COVID-19 response. Lancet. 2020;395(10238):1678-1680.
Maintaining essential health services: operational guidance for the COVID-19 context, interim guidance, June 1 2020 (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-essential_health_services-2020.2) (Access Date: 13.06.2022).
Caprara GV, Alessandri G, Eisenberg N, Kupfer A, Steca P, Caprara MG et al. The positivity scale. Psychol Assess. 2012 Sep;24(3):701-712.
Çıkrıkçı Ö, Çiftçi M, Gençdoğan B. Pozitiflik ölçeği türkçe formu’nun psikometrik özellikleri. The Journal of Happiness &Well-Being. 2015;3(1):57-76.
Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(3):1537-1545.
Chudasama YV, Gillies CL, Zaccardi F, Coles B, Davies MJ, Seidu S, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on routine care for chronic diseases: A global survey of views from healthcare professionals. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(5):965-967.
Sahu DP, Pradhan SK, Sahoo DP, Patra S, Singh AK, Patro BK. Fear and anxiety among COVID-19 screening clinic beneficiaries of a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India. Asian J Psychiatr. 2021;57:102543.
Korukcu O, Ozkaya M, Faruk Boran O, Boran M. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on community mental health: A psychometric and prevalence study in Turkey. Health Soc Care Community. 2021;29(5):204-213.
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-1069. Erratum in: JAMA. 2021 Mar 16;325(11):1113.
Stokes EK, Zambrano LD, Anderson KN, Marder EP, Raz KM, Felix S et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 case surveillance - United States, January 22-May 30, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Jun 19;69(24):759-765.
Garg S, Kim L, Whitaker M, O'Halloran A, Cummings C, Holstein R et al. Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 - COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-30, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(15):458-464.
Mamun MA, Sakib N, Gozal D, Bhuiyan AI, Hossain S, Bodrud-Doza M, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic and serious psychological consequences in Bangladesh: A population-based nationwide study. J Affect Disord. 2021;279:462-472.
Broche-Pérez Y, Fernández-Fleites Z, Jiménez-Puig E, Fernández-Castillo E, Rodríguez-Martin BC. Correction to: Gender and fear of COVID-19 in a Cuban population sample. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020 Jul 21:1. Erratum for: Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020 Jun;12:1-9.
Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 6;17(5):1729.
Özdin S, Bayrak Özdin Ş. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66(5):504-511.
Sakib N, Bhuiyan AKMI, Hossain S, Al Mamun F, Hosen I, Abdullah AH et al. Psychometric validation of the Bangla fear of COVID-19 scale: Confirmatory factor analysis and rasch analysis. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(5):2623-2634.
Orso D, Federici N, Copetti R, Vetrugno L, Bove T. Infodemic and the spread of fake news in the COVID-19 era. Eur J Emerg Med. 2020;27(5):327-328.
Chang KC, Hou WL, Pakpour AH, Lin CY, Griffiths MD. Psychometric testing of three COVID-19-related acales among people with mental illness. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(1):324-336.
Özdemir D, Arpacıoğlu S. Sosyal medya kullanımı, sağlık algısı ve sağlık arama davranışının koronavirüs korkusu üzerine etkisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2020;12:1-1.
Seyahi E, Poyraz BC, Sut N, Akdogan S, Hamuryudan V. The psychological state and changes in the routine of the patients with rheumatic diseases during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Turkey: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Rheumatol Int. 2020;40(8):1229-1238.
Senyigit A. COVID-19 Pandemisi. Klinik, tanı, tedavi ve korunma. Dicle Tıp Dergisi. 2021;48:176-186.