İnovasyon ve İstihdam İlişkisi: NIC Ülkeleri Örneği

Küreselleşme sürecinin yarattığı rekabet ortamı ülke ekonomilerinde sürdürülebilir büyüme için teknolojik gelişmelerin yakından izlenmesini zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bu noktada inovasyon, ülkelerde teknolojiyi ekonomik ve sosyal faydaya dönüştürmede en etkili güç olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İnovasyonla birlikte ülke ekonomilerinde istihdam yapısının da önemli ölçüde değiştiği gözlemlenmektedir. Bu çalışma, yeni sanayileşen ülke kategorisinde yer alan 8 ülkeye ait 2007-2020 dönemine ait verileri kullanarak istihdam ile inovasyon, yüksek teknoloji ihracatı ve büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktadır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, NIC Ülkelerinde teknolojik değişim emeğin yerini alırken, yapılan panel eşbütünleşme ve nedensellik testlerine göre istihdam ile Ar-Ge harcamaları ve yüksek teknoloji ihracatı arasında negatif ilişkiye rastlanmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkide Ar-Ge ve ekonomik büyüme ile istihdam arasında çift yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi mevcutken yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı ile istihdam arasında nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanamamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İnovasyon, İstihdam, Ekonomik Büyüme, NIC ülkeleri

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