Samet Hasan ABACI, Soner CANKAYA, Ertugrul KUL, Ozden COBANOGLU, Eser Kemal GURCAN

Türkiye’de Holstein, Jersey ve Yerli Sığır Irklarında STAT1 ve STAT5A Genlerinin Genetik Polimorfizmi

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de süt sığırları ve bazı yerli sığır ırklarında STAT1 ve STAT5A genlerine ait genetik polimorfizmin belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında, 283 Jersey ve iki farklı sürüden toplam 472 Siyah Alaca inekleri ile 93 Boz Irk, 85 Yerli Kara ve 66 Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı sığırları kullanılmıştır. Genel olarak, tüm ırklarda C allel gen frekansı STAT1 için T allelinden daha yüksek olurken Jersey ve Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı’n da ise C allel gen frekansı STAT5A için G allelinden daha yüksektir. Diğer yandan ise, G allel gen frekansı Siyah Alaca, Boz Irk ve Yerli Kara ırklarında C allelinden daha yüksektir. Hardy-Weinberg Dengesinden beklenen sapmalar sadece STAT1 genin için Jersey ırkında önemlidir. Ayrıca, STAT5A geni için dengeden beklenen sapma Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde (KB) ki Siyah Alacalar, Yerli Kara ve Boz Irkları için de anlamlı derecede farklıdır. FIS değerleri, STAT1 geni bakımından Marmara Bölgesi’nde (MB) ki Siyah Alacalar dışında bütün ırklar için negatif olarak belirlenmiştir. Benzer şekilde, bu değer, STAT5A geni bakımından KB’de ki Siyah Alacalar hariç bütün ırklar için pozitif olarak belirlenmiştir. İki lokusun genetik mesafeleri tüm popülasyonlar bakımından 0.0029 ile 0.1599 arasında hesaplanmıştır. Kümeleme analizine bağlı olarak, KB ve MB’de ki Siyah Alacalar, Yerli Kara, Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı birbirlerine çok yakın kümelenmişken, Boz Irk ve Jersey ırkları tamamen farklı kümeler de yer almıştır. Sonuç olarak, STAT1 ve STAT5A genlerinde tespit edilen genetik çeşitliliğe dayanarak Türkiye’de yetiştirilen büyükbaş hayvan ırkları arasında genetik bir iyileştirme yapılması mümkün görülmektedir.

Genetic Polymorphism of STAT1 and STAT5A Genes in Holstein, Jersey, and Indigenous Cattle Breeds in Turkey

This study aimed to determine genetic polymorphism in STAT1 and STAT5A genes for dairy cattle and some native cattle breeds in Turkey. 283 Jersey and a total of 472 Holstein cows from two different herds and 93 Grey Steppe, 85 Anatolian Black Cattle, and 66 East Anatolian Red cattle were used in this research. Generally, C allele gene frequency was higher than T allele for STAT1 in all breeds whereas C allele gene frequency was detected higher than G allele for STAT5A in Jersey and East Anatolian Red. On the other hand, G allele gene frequency was higher than C allele in Holstein, Grey Steppe, and Anatolian Black Cattle breeds. The expected deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were significant only for Jersey breeds for STAT1 gene. Meanwhile, the expected deviation from equilibrium was also significantly different for Holstein in Black Sea Region (BSR), Anatolian Black Cattle and Grey Steppe for the STAT5A gene. FIS values were determined to STAT1 gene as negative for all breeds except for Holstein in Marmara Region (MR). Similarly, this value was determined to STAT5A gene as positive for all breeds except for Holstein in BSR. The genetic distances for two loci were calculated between 0.0029 and 0.1599 among all populations. Depending on the cluster analysis, Holstein in BSR and MR, Anatolian Black Cattle, East Anatolian Red were closely clustered to each other, while Grey Steppe and Jersey were located in completely different clusters. As a conclusion, based on the detected genetic diversity in STAT1 and STAT5A genes, it is possible to make a genetic improvement among bovine breeds raised in Turkey.

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