Vehbi GÜNEŞ, Fatma UYANIK, MERYEM EREN, MURAT KİBAR, ÖZNUR ASLAN, C. Ali ONMAZ

The rapid analyses of cardiac troponins in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy, distemper or parvoviral infection

Bu çalışmada, köpeklerdeki farklı hastalıklara bağlı miyokardial dejenerasyonların teşhisinde kardiyak troponin (cTnI, cTnT) konsantrasyonları ve kalitatif analiz yapan kaset kitlerinin kullanımı araştırıldı. Çalışma grupları distemper enfeksiyonlu (DE) (Group I, n=8), parvoviral enfeksiyonlu (PVE) (Group II, n=18) ve dilate kardiyomiyopatili (Group III, n=18) köpeklerden oluşturuldu. Her bir grubun kontrolü için sağlıklı köpekler çalışmaya dahil edildi. Ticari ELISA kitleri ile troponin (cTnI, cTnT) düzeyleri belirlendi ve kalitatif analizler için kaset kitler kullanıldı. Grup I, II ve IIIde ortalama cTnI düzeyleri sırasıyla 2.26±0.41 ng/ml, 2.41±0.98 ng/ml ve 5.076±1.32 ng/ml idi. Pozitif cTnI ve cTnT varlığı da sırasıyla grup Ide 5/8 (62.5%) ve 4/8 (50%); grup IIde 5/18 (27.7%) ve 5/18 (27.7%), ve grup IIIte 13/18 (72.2%) ve 6/18 (33.3%) olarak belirlendi. Sağlıklı kontrol köpeklerinde cTnI ve cTnT testlerinin negatif olduğu belirlendi. Kardiyomiyopatili köpeklerde kalp biyobelirteçleri daha güvenilirdi. Ayrıca cTnI ve cTnT kaset kitlerinin küçük hayvan pratisyenleri için; DE, PVE ve kardiyomiyopatili köpeklerde miyokarditisi belirlemek için faydalı bir teşhis aracı olabileceği belirlendi.

Dilate kardiyomiyopati, distemper ya da parvoviral infeksiyonlu köpeklerde kardiyak troponinin hızlı analizi

In this study, concentrations of cardiac troponins (cTnI and cTnT) and using a cassette kit which is a qualitative assay were used to investigate the diagnosis of myocardial damages due to diferent diseases in dogs. Study groups were composed of dogs with distemper infection (DI) (Group I, n=8), parvoviral infection (PVI) (Group II, n=18) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (Group III, n=18). Healthy dogs were included for each group as control. Levels of troponins (cTnI, cTnT) were determined by commercially available ELISA kits and cassette kits were used for qualitative assays. The mean concentrations of cTnI in Groups I, II and III were 2.26±0.41 ng/ml, 2.41±0.98 ng/ml and 5.076±1.32 ng/ml, respectively. Positive cTnI and cTnT expressions were determined in groups as 5/8 (62.5%) and 4/8 (50%) in group I; 5/18 (27.7%) and 5/18 (27.7%) in group II and 13/18 (72.2%) and 6/18 (33.3%) in group III, respectively. In healthy control dogs, cTnI and cTnT were determined to be negative. The cTnI concentrations were more reliable cardiac marker in dogs with cardiomyopathy. Moreover, cTnI and cTnT casette kits used in this study may be valuable diagnostic tools to diagnose the myocardial damage in dogs with DI, PVI and DCM for the small animal practioners.

PDF

___

1. Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC:Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine: Diseases of the Dog and Cat. 4 th ed., 996-1005, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1995.
2. Fox PR: Canine myocardial disease. In, Fox PR (Ed): Canine and Feline Cardiology. 467-493, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1988.
3. Fox PR: Myocardial diseases. In, Ettinger SJ (Ed): Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 3 rd ed., 1097-1131, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1989.
4. Jurlander B, Clemensen P, Wagner GS, Grande P: Very early diagnosis and risk stratificationof patients admitted with suspected acute myocardial infarction by the combined evaluation of a single serum value of cardiactroponin-T, myoglobin and creatinekinase MB. Eur Heart J, 21, 382-389, 2000.
5. Christenson RH, Apple FS, Morgan DL, Alonsozana GL, Mascotti K, Olson M, McCormack RT, Wians FH Jr, Kefer JH, Duh SH: Cardiac troponin-I measurement with the Access immunoassay system: Analytical and clinical performance characteristics. Clin Chem, 44, 52-60, 1998.
6. Boccara G, Pouzeratte Y, Troncin R, Bonardet A, Boularan AM, Colson P, Mann C: The risk of cardiac injury during laparoscopic fundoplication Cardiac troponin I and ECG study. Acta Anaesth Scand, 44, 398-402, 2000.
7. Ooi DS, Isotalo PA, Veinot JP: Correlation of antemortem serum creatinekinase-MB, troponin-I and troponin-T with cardiac pathology. Clin Chem, 46, 338-344, 2004.
8. McAulife JJ, Robbins J: Troponin T expression in normal and pressure- loaded fetal sheep. Heart Pediatr Res, 29, 580-585, 1991.
9. Bader D, Kugelman A, Lanir A, Tamir A, Mula E, Riskin A: Cardiac troponin I serum concentrations in newborns: A study and review of the literature. Clin Chemica Acta, 371, 61-65, 2006.
10. Hagman R, Lagerstedt AS, Fransson BA, Bergström A, Häggström J: Cardiac troponin I levels in canine pyometra. Acta Vet Scand , 49, 6, 2007.
11. Petric AD and Tomsic K: Diagnostic methods of cardiomyopathy in dogs-old and new perspectives and methods. Slov Vet Res, 45, 5-14, 2008.
12. Winter RL, Saunders AB, Gordon SG, Miller MW, Sykes KT, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM: Analytical validation and clinical evaluation of a commercially available high-sensitivity immunoassay for the measurement of troponin I in humans for use in dogs. J Vet Cardiol, 16, 81-89, 2014.
13. Polizopoulou ZS, Koutinas CK, Dasopoulou A, Patsikas M, York M, Roman I, Gandhi M, Patel S, Koutinas AF, OBrien PJ. Serial analysis of serum cardiac troponin I changes and correlation with clinical findings in 46 dogs with mitral valve disease. Vet Clin Pathol, 43, 218-225, 2014.
14. Oyama MA and Sisson DD: Cardiactroponin-I concentration in dogs with cardiac disease. J Vet Int Med, 18, 831-839, 2004.
15. Spratt DP, Mellanby RJ, Drury N, Archer J: Cardiactroponin I: Evaluation I of a biomarker for the diagnosis of heart disease in the dog. J Small Anim Pract, 46, 139-145, 2005.
16. Baumwart RD, Orvalho J, Meurs KM: Evaluation of serum cardiac troponin I concentration in Boxers with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Am J Vet Res, 68, 524-528, 2007.
17. Shaw SP, Rozanski EA, Rush JE: Cardiactroponins I and T in dogs with pericardial efusion. J Vet Int Med, 18, 322-324, 2004.
18. Linde A, Summerfield NJ, Sleeper MM, Wright FB, Clifford CA, Melgarejo T, Knight DH: Pilot study on cardiac troponin I levels in dogs with pericardial efusion. J Vet Cardiol, 8, 19-23, 2006.
19. Schober KE, Kirbach B, Oechtung G: Non-invasive assessment of myocardial cell injury in dogs with suspected cardiac contusion. J Vet Cardiol, 1, 17-25, 1999.
20. Ricchiuti V, Sharkey SW, Murakami MM, Voss EM, Apple FS: Cardiac troponin I and T alterations in dog hearts with myocardial infarction: Correlation within farct size. Am J Clin Pathol, 110, 241-247, 1998.
21. Obrien PJ, Smith DE, Knechtel TJ, Marchak MA, Pruimboom- Brees I, Brees DJ, Spratt DP, Archer FJ, Butler P, Potter AN, Provost JP, Richard J, Snyder PA, Reagan WJ: Cardiac troponin I is a sensitive, specific biomarker of cardiac injury in laboratory animals. Lab Anim, 40, 153-171,2006.
22. Farace G, Beardow A, Carpenter C, Yeung K, Zieba M, Ettinger SJ, Forney SD: Troponin concentrations in patients with massesor tumors . J Vet Int Med, 22, 718, 2008.
23. Çakıroğlu D, Meral Y, Bakırel U, Kazancı D: Cardiac troponin levels in dogs with dilate cardiomyopathy. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15 (1): 13- 17, 2009.
24. Kocaturk M, Martinez S, Eralp O, Tvarijonaviciute A, Ceron J, Yilmaz Z: Tei index (myocardial performance index) and cardiac biomarkers in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Res Vet Sci, 92, 24-29, 2012.
25. Noszczyk-Nowak A, Paslawska U, Cepiel A, Staszczyk M, Janiszewski A, Nicpon J: 24-hour holter monitoring and Troponin I level in Boxers with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 19 (Suppl-A): A99-A104, 2013. DOI: 10.9775/ kvfd.2012.8041 .
26. Obrien PJ, Landt Y, Ladenson JH: Differential reactivity of cardiac and skeletal muscle from various species in a cardiac troponin I immunoassay. Clin Chem, 43, 2333-2338, 1997.
27. Gunes V, Erdogan HM, Citil M, Ozcan K: Assay of cardiac troponins in the diagnosis of myocardial degeneration due to foot-and-mouth disease in a calf. Vet Rec, 56, 714-715, 2005.
28. Gunes V, Atalan G, Citil M, Erdogan HM: The use of qualitative cardiac troponin kits in the determination of myocardial cell damage caused by traumatic reticuloperitonitis in cattle. Vet Rec, 162, 514-517, 2008.
29. Tunca R, Sozmen M, Erdogan H, Citil M, Uzlu E, Ozen H, Gokçe E.: Determination of cardiac troponin I in the blood and heart of calves with foot-and-mouth disease. J Vet Diagn Invest, 20, 598-605, 2008.
30. Tunca R, Erdogan HM, Sozmen M, Citil M, Devrim AK, Erginsoy S, Uzlu E: Evaluation of cardiac troponin I and inducible nitricoxide synthase expressions in lambs with white muscle disease. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 33, 53-59, 2009.
31. Sleeper MM, Cliford CA, Laster LL: Cardiac troponin-I in the normal dog and cat. J Vet Int Med, 15, 501-503, 2001.
32. Fonfara S, Loureiro J, Swift S, James R, Cripps P, Dukes-McEwan J: Cardiac troponin I as a marker for severity and prognosis of cardiac disease in dogs. Vet J, 184, 334-339, 2010.
33. Guglielmini C, Civitella C, Diana A, Di Tommaso M, Cipone M, Luciani A: Serum cardiac troponin I concentration in dogs with precapillary and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension. Vet Int Med, 24, 145-152, 2011.
34. Fredericks S, Merton GK, Lerena MJ, Heining P, Carter ND, Holt DW: Cardiac troponins and creatinekinase content of striated muscle in common laboratory animals. Clin Chim Acta, 304, 65-74, 2001.
35. Adin DB, Oyama MA, Sleeper MM, Milner RJ: Comparison of canine cardiac troponin I concentrations as determined by 3 analyzers. J Vet Int Med, 20, 1136-1142, 2000.
36. Apple FS, Murakami MM, Ler R, Walker D, York M: Analytical characteristics of commercial cardiac troponin I and T immunoassays in serum from rats, dogs, and monkeys with induced acute myocardial injury. Clin Chem, 54, 1982-1989, 2008.
37. Obrien PJ: Cardiac troponin is the most efective translational safety biomarker for myocardial injury in cardio toxicity. Toxicol, 245, 206-218, 2008.
38. Giuliani I, Bertinchant JP, Lopez M, Coquelin H, Granier C, Laprade M, Pau B, Larue C: Determination of cardiac tropoin-I forms in the blood of patients with unstable anginapectoris. Clin Biochem, 32, 111-117, 2002.
39. Aiello SE: The Merck Veterinary Manual, Circulatory System. 1-101 Merckand Co Inc, White house Station, NJ, 1998.