Si-Lu NI, Fei GAO, Chen-Xiang ZUO, Xi-Dian TANG, Ming-Jie LIU, Jian-Jun CHANG, Yong WANG, De-Kun CHEN, Wen-Tao MA

Neutrophils: A Critical Participator in Common Diseases of Ruminants

Neutrophils, pivotal effector cells involved in innate immunity, play a central role in various infectious and inflammatory diseases. Using a powerful phagocytic killing mechanism, these cells protect the host by destroying the invading pathogens. However, these cells can also cause varying degrees of tissue damage if their activation is not finely controlled. In recent years, the involvement of neutrophils in human diseases has been extensively studied, while their roles in ruminant diseases have rarely been investigated. In the present review, we mainly summarize current knowledge regarding the characteristics and functions of neutrophils in ruminants such as goats and cattle. We emphasize the involvement of these cells in several common diseases such as mastitis, Brucellosis, Mycoplasma bovis infection and parasitic infections, among others. We also focus on discussing the relevant mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying these observations. In addition, we compare the phenotypes and functions of neutrophils of different ruminant species. The studies about ruminant neutrophils should help elucidate the pathogenesis of many ruminant diseases and ultimately shed light on the development of novel therapeutics for these diseases.

Nötrofiller: Ruminantların Yaygın Hastalıklarında Kritik Katılımcı

Doğal bağışıklıkla ilişkili önemli efektör hücreler olan nötrofiller, çeşitli bulaşıcı ve inflamatuvar hastalıklarda temel rol oynarlar. Bu hücreler güçlü bir fagositik öldürme mekanizması kullanarak istilacı patojenleri yok eder ve konağı korur. Bununla birlikte, aktivasyonları iyi kontrol edilmezse değişen derecelerde doku hasarına neden olabilirler. Son yıllarda, nötrofillerin insan hastalıkları ile ilişkisi kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenirken, ruminant hastalıklarındaki rolleri nadiren araştırılmıştır. Bu derlemede esas olarak keçi ve sığır gibi ruminantlarda nötrofillerin özellikleri ve fonksiyonları ile ilgili güncel bilgileri özetlenmiştir. Bu hücrelerin mastitis, Bruselloz, Mikoplazma bovis enfeksiyonu ve paraziter enfeksiyonlar gibi yaygın görülen çeşitli hastalıklardaki önemi vurgulanmıştır. Ayrıca, ilgili mekanizmalar tartışılmış ve bu gözlemlerin altında yatan yollara işaret edilmiştir. Ek olarak, farklı ruminant türlerin nötrofillerinin fenotipleri ve işlevleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Ruminant nötrofilleri ile ilgili çalışmalar, birçok ruminant hastalığının patogenezinin aydınlatılmasına yardımcı olmalı ve sonuç olarak bu hastalıklar için yeni terapötiklerin geliştirilmesine ışık tutmalıdır.

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