Izabela POLKOWSKA, Aleksandra SOBCZYŃSKA-RAK, Tomasz SZPONDER, Beata ŻYLIŃSKA, Urszula ORZĘDAŁA-KOSZEL, Igor CAPIK, Łukasz MATUSZEWSKI

Köpeklerde Kalp ve Böbrekler Üzerine Periodontal Hastalığın Etkisi

Periodontal hastalık sistemik sonuçları olabilen en yaygın köpek hastalıklarından biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı periodontitise neden olan bakteriyel mikrofloranın tespiti ve aynı zamanda kalp ve böbreklerdeki patolojik değişiklikler üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışma Lublin, Polanya’daki Patolojik Anatomi Departmanında disekte edilen 19 köpek (10 erkek ve 9 dişi, 6-15 yaşlı) üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Tüm köpeklerde (5 köpekte 3. seviyede ve 14 köpekte 4. seviyede) periodontal hastalık tespit edildi. Klinik materyalden (diş eti, kalp ve böbreklerden svab) aerobik bakteri kültürü yapıldı ve kalp ile böbreklerde histopatolojik muayene gerçekleştirildi. Materyallerde tespit edilen bakteriler: Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus equi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus spp. ve Corynebacterium spp. Çalışmanın sonuçları tüm köpeklerin, özellikle dördüncü seviye periodontitisli olan, böbrek glomeruluslarında ve sol kalbin anterior duvarında şiddetli patolojik değişiklikler bulunduğunu gösterdi. Kalbin sol ventrikülünden hazırlanan preparatların histopatolojik muayenesinde şiddetli interstisyel kardiyak ödem ve interstisyel fibrozis tespit edildi. Kas fibrilleri arasında ve damar çevresinde tek adipositler gözlemlendi. Bu çalışma periodontal dokulardaki kronik yangısal lezyonlar ile kalp ve böbreklerdeki lezyonlar arasında önemli bağlantı olduğunu göstermektedir.

The Impact of Periodontal Disease on the Heart and Kidneys in Dogs

Periodontal disease is one of the most common canine diseases that can have serious systemic consequences. The aim of the study was theidentification of the bacterial microflora causing periodontitis as well as its influence on the pathological changes in heart and kidneys. Thestudy was performed on the group of 19 dogs (10 males and 9 females, aged between 6-15 years) sectioned at the Pathological AnatomyDepartment in Lublin, Poland. In all dogs the periodontal disease (third stage in 5 dogs and the fourth stage in 14 dogs) was diagnosed. Aculture of aerobic bacteria from clinical material (swab of gingival, heart and kidneys) and histopathological examination on heart and kidneywere performed. In the material the presence of bacteries such as: Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcusequi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. The results of this study showed the advanced pathologicalchanges in kidney glomeruli and the anterior wall of the left heart in all animals, especially in the dogs with the fourth stage of periodontitis.In histopathological examination of preparations from the anterior wall of the left heart ventricle the intense interstitial cardiac oedema andinterstitial fibrosis was diagnosed. Additionally, subepicardially between the muscle fibres and around the vessels single adipocytes werefound. The study reveals the important correlations between chronic inflammatory lesions within periodontal tissues and heart and kidneys.

PDF

___

Mattila KJ, Pussinen PJ, Paju S: Dental infections and cardiovascular diseases: A review. J Periodontol, 76 (11S): 2085-2088, 2005. DOI: 10.1902/ jop.2005.76.11-S.2085
Latronico M, Segantini A, Cavallini F, Mascolo A, Garbarino F, Bondanza S, Debbia EA, Blasi G: Periodontal disease and coronary heart disease: An epidemiological and microbiological study. New Microbiol, 30 (3): 221-228, 2007.
Salimi S, Ng N, Seliger SL, Parsa A: Periodontal disease, renal dysfunction and heightened leukocytosis. Nephron Clin Pract, 128 (1-2): 107-114, 2014. DOI: 10.1159/000366445
Han SS, Shin N, Lee SM, Lee H, Kim DK, Kim YS: Correlation between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease in Korean adults. Kidney Res Clin Pract, 32 (4): 164-170, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.krcp.2013.09.001
Hartzell JD, Torres D, Kim P, Wortmann G: Incidence of bacteremia after routine tooth brushing. Am J Med Sci, 329 (4): 178-180, 2005.DOI: 10.1097/00000441-200504000-00003
O’Neill DG, Elliott J, Church DB, McGreevy PD, Thomson PC Brodbelt DC: Chronic kidney disease in dogs in UK veterinary practices: Prevalence, risk factors, and survival. J Vet Intern Med, 27 (4): 814-821, 2013. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12090
Nemec A, Verstraete FJM, Jerin A, Šentjurc M, Kass PH, Petelin M, Pavlica Z: Periodontal disease, periodontal treatment and systemic oxide in dogs. Res Vet Sci, 94 (3): 542-544, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.10.017
Grubbs V, Vittinghoff E, Beck JD, Kshirsagar AV, Wang W, Griswold ME, Powe NR, Correa A, Young B: The association between periodontal disease and kidney function decline in African Americans: The Jackson heart study. J Periodontol, 86 (10): 1126-1132, 2015. DOI: 10.1902/ jop.2015.150195
Glickman LT, Glickman NW, Moore GE, Lund EM, Lantz GC, Pressler BM: Association between chronic azotemic kidney disease and the severity of periodontal disease in dogs. Prev Vet Med, 99 (2-4): 193- 200, 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.01.011
Debowes LJ, Mosier D, Logan E, Harvey CE, Lowry S, Richardson DC: Association of periodontal disease and histologic lesions in multiple organs from 45 dogs. J Vet Dent, 13 (2): 57-60, 1996.
Barbudo-Selmi GR, Carvalho MB, Selmi AL, Martins SEC: Periodontal disease characterization in dogs with normal renal function or chronic renal failure. Cienc Rural, 34 (1): 113-118, 2004. DOI: 10.1590/ S0103-84782004000100017
Rzepecka-Woźniak E, Konieczna M, Bolechała F: Myocardial ischemia of the driver as a cause of a traffic road accident. Immunohistochemical C9 staining method in diagnostics of early myocardial infarction. Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol, 56 (2): 110-114, 2006.
Schwint OA, Labraga M, Cervino CO, Haffar M, Sequeiros PH, Marcos HJA: Modification of the staining technique of reticular fibres for image analysis of the cardiac collagen network. Cardiovasc Pathol, 13 (4): 213-220, 2004. DOI: 10.1016/S1054-8807(03)00153-4
Dubois D, Grare M, Prere MF, Segonds C, Marty N, Oswald E: Performances of the Vitek MS matrix-assisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry system for rapid identification of bacteria in routine clinical microbiology. J Clin Microbiol, 50 (8): 2568- 2576, 2012. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00343-12
Luo Y, Siu GKH, Yeung ASF, Chen JHK, Ho PL, Leung KW, Tsang JLY, Cheng VCC, Guo L, Yang J, Ye L, Yam WC: Performance of the VITEK MS matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry system for rapid bacterial identification in two diagnostic centres in China. J Med Microbiol, 64 (1): 18-24, 2015. DOI: 10.1099/ jmm.0.080317-0
Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA: Microbiology. Elsevier Urban&Partner, Wrocław, Poland, 2011.
Wiggs RB, Lobprise HB: Periodontology. In, Wiggs RB, Lobprise HB (Eds): Veterinary Dentistry, Principles and Practice.186-231, Philadelphia: Lippincot-Raven, USA, 1997.
Kalicka A, Walasek L: The role of inflammation and infection in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Post Med Klin Wojsk, 10 (2): 31-35, 2005.
Schuster GS: Oral flora and pathogenic organisms. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 13 (4): 757-774, 1999. DOI: 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70107-0
Daly CG, Mitchell DH, Highfield JE, Grossberg DE, Stewart D: Bacteremia due to periodontal probing: A clinical and microbiological investigation. J Periodontol, 72 (2): 210-14, 2001. DOI: 10.1902/jop. 2001.72.2.210
Peddle GD, Sleeper M: Canine bacterial endocarditis: A review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc, 43 (5): 258-63, 2007. DOI: 10.5326/0430258
Niedzielska I, Wziątek-Kuczmik D: The effects of dentogenic infection foci on internal organ disease-literature review. Chir Pol, 9, 92- 96, 2007.
Ricardo AC, Athavale A, Chen J, Hampole H, Garside D, Marucha P, Lash JP: Periodontal disease, chronic kidney disease and mortality: Results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey. BMC Nephrol, 16:97, 2016. DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0101-x
Scannapieco FA: Systemic effects of periodontal disease. Dent Clin North Am, 49 (3): 533-550, 2005. DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2005.03.002
Linden GJ, Lyons A, Scannapieco FA: Periodontal systemic associations: Review of the evidence. J Clin Periodontol, 40 (14 Suppl): S8-S19, 2013. DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12064
Pavlica Z, Petelin M, Juntes P, Erzen D, Crossley DA, Skaleric U: Periodontal disease burden and pathological changes in organs of dogs. J Vet Dent, 25 (2): 97-105, 2008. DOI: 10.1177/089875640802500210
Kouki M, Papadimitriou SA, Kazasko GM, Savas I, Bitchava D: Periodontal disease as a potential factor for systemic inflammatory response in the dog. J Vet Dent, 30, 26-29, 2013. DOI: 10.1177/ 089875641303000103
Hoffmann TH, Gaengler P: Clinical and pathomorphological investigation of spontaneously ocuring periodontal disease in dogs. J Small Anim Pract, 37, 471-479, 1996. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1996. tb01743.x
Harvey CE, Shofer FS and Laster L: Association of age and body weight with periodontal disease in North American dogs. J Vet Dent, 11 (3): 94-105, 1994.
Rawlinson JE, Goldstein RE, Reiter AM, Attwater DZ, Harvey CE: Association of periodontal disease with systemic health indices in dogs and the systemic response to treatment of periodontal disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 238 (5): 601-609, 2011. DOI: 10.2460/javma.238.5.601
Lommer MJ: Oral inflammation in small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 43 (3): 555-571, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2013.02.004