İftar GÜRBÜZ, Ahmet İhsan AYTEK, Yasin DEMIRASLAN, Özcan ÖZGEL, Vedat ONAR

Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Cranium of Wolf (Canis lupus) and German Shepherd Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

In the study, it was aimed to investigate by geometric morphometric analysis to shape of the skull and mandible in adult male wolf and German Shepherd Dog. The skulls and mandibles were photographed from left side. The shape of skulls and mandibles were optimized by using tpsDig programme with 20 landmarks (in skulls), and 13 landmarks (in mandibles) on 2-D images. The skulls and mandibles were superimposed via PAST software and the principale component analysis was conducted. How and where the shape changes occurs in the cranium was shown using MorphoJ software. Also, morphological differences of the cranium between two groups were determined. As a result, German Shepherd Dog’s cranium were significantly seperated from the wolf’s cranium in respect of cranium shapes. In skull and mandible, about 70% and 78% of the total shape variation, is reflected by the first three principal components, respectively. Shape differences were most distinct in parietal, occipital, zygomatic, temporal bone and posterior mandible between two groups. The findings of the study are important in terms of evaluating the materials to be extracted from the area of archeological excavation and creating a database that will provide to prominent information about the history of domestication.

Kurt ve Alman Çoban Köpeğinde Kafatasının Geometrik Morfometrik Analizi

Çalışmada Kurt ve Alman Çoban Köpeği’nin alt çene kemiği ve kafatası şeklinin geometrik morfometrik analiz yöntemi ile araştırılması amaçlandı. Bu amaçla kafatası ve mandibula sol taraftan fotoğraflandı. Kafatası ve alt çene kemiğinin şekli, 2D fotoğraf üzerinde 20 landmark (kafatasında) ve 13 landmark (alt çene kemiğinde) ile tpsDig programda optimize edildi. Kafatası ve mandibula’lar PAST yazılımı ile üst üste bindirildi ve temel bileşenler analizi yapıldı. Kafatası ve mandibula’daki şekil farklılıklarının nerede ve nasıl oluştuğu MorphoJ yazılımında görüntülendi. Ayrıca, iki grup arasında morfolojik şekil farklılıkları da belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, Alman çoban köpeği kafatasının şekilsel olarak kurt kafatasından önemli derecede ayrıldığı belirlendi. Kafatası ve alt çene kemiğinin ilk üç temel bileşeni toplam şekil varyasyonunun sırasıyla %70 ve %78’ini açıkladığı saptandı. İki grubun kafatasında şekil farklılıkları en fazla parietal, occipital, zygomatic, temporal kemiklerde ve mandibula’nın posterior’unda belirgindi. Çalışmanın bulguları arkeolojik kazı alanından çıkarılacak malzemelerin değerlendirilmesi ve evcilleştirme tarihi hakkında önemli bilgiler sağlayacak bir veri tabanı oluşturulması açısından önemlidir.

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