This study was planned to evaluate the effect of different dietary lysine regimens on sensory attributes and meat quality in Lakha, Mianwali, Mushki and Peshawari varieties of indigenous Aseel. A total of 240 day-old chicks, 60 per each variety were casually selected and sub-divided equally into A, B and C groups. Three lysine regimens namely L1, L2 and L3 were offered to these birds, L1 comprising of 1.3% lysine was served from 0-6th week to birds of group A, and L2 constituting1.4 and 1.2% lysine, where 1.4% lysine from 0-3rd week and 1.2% lysine from 4-6th week was offered to group B. L3 having 1.5, 1.3 and 1.1% lysine was offered as 1.5 from 0-2nd, 1.3 from 3-4th and 1.1% lysine from 5-6th week, respectively to group C. For evaluation of organoleptic and meat quality traits, 72 birds counting 18 per each variety were randomly selected and slaughtered. The breast and thigh meat pieces were separated and their pH was determined at various intervals. The cooked meat color, taste, flavor, tenderness and juiciness were checked to calculate overall acceptability of panelists on nine hedonic scale points between extreme liking and disliking. The findings of this study revealed L3 lysine regimen to be the best for nourishing the birds having good quality meat with respect to color, taste, flavor tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability towards its consumers.
Bu çalışma Lakha, Mianwali, Mushki ve Peshawari yerel Aseel tavuklarında farklı miktarlarda diyetsel lizin uygulamalarının duyusal özellikler ve et kalitesi üzerine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Toplam 240 adet bir günlük civciv her deneysel uygulamada 60 adet olacak şekilde seçildi ve A, B ve C olmak üzere gruplara ayrıldı. Üç farlı lizin rejimi oluşturuldu; L1: Grup A’daki civcivlere 0-6. haftalar arasında %1.3 lizin verildi, L2: Grup B’deki civcivlere 0-3. haftalar arasında %1.4 ve 4-6. haftalar arasında %1.2 lizin verildi, L3: Grup C’deki civcivlere 0-2. haftalar arasında %1.5, 3-4. haftalar arasında %1.3 ve 5-6. haftalar arasında %1.1 lizin verildi. Organoleptik ve et kalite özelliklerini değerlendirmek amacıyla her bir varyantta 18 adet olacak şekilde 72 civciv rastgele seçildi ve kesime sevk edildi. Göğüs ve but etlerinin pH değerleri farklı aralıklarla ölçüldü. Pişmiş et rengi, tadı, lezzeti, pişkinliği ve suyu 9 hedonik skala puanlaması kullanılarak panelistlerin sevme ve sevmemeleri değerlendirildi. Çalışma sonuçları L3 lizin uygulamasının et rengi, tadı, lezzeti, pişkinliği, suyu ve genel olarak tüketicilerin memnuniyeti bakımından en iyi uygulama olduğunu gösterdi.
___
Apple JK, Maxwell CV, Brown DC, Friesen KG, Musser RE, Johnson ZB, Armstrong TA: Effects of dietary lysine and energy density on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs fed ractopamine. J Anim Sci, 82 (11): 3277-3287, 2004. DOI: 10.2527/2004.82113277x
Berri C: Poultry meat: Expectations for quality that diversify and specific defects to correct. INRA Prod Anim, 28 (2): 115-118, 2015.
Jayasena DD, Ahn DU, Nam KC, Jo C: Flavour chemistry of chicken meat: A review. Asian-Austtralas J Anim Sci, 26 (5): 732-742, 2013. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12619
Zhuang H, Savage EM: Comparisons of sensory descriptive flavor and texture profiles of cooked broiler breast fillets categorized by raw meat color lightness values. Poult Sci, 89 (5): 1049-1055, 2010. DOI: 10.3382/PS.2009-00422
Sarsenbek A, Wang T, Zhao JK, Jiang W: Comparison of carcass yields and meat quality between Baicheng-You chickens and Arbor Acres broilers. Poult Sci, 92 (10): 2776-2782, 2013. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02841
Rajkumar U, Muthukumar M, Haunshi S, Niranjan M, Raju MVLN, Rama Rao SV, Chatterjee RN: Comparative evaluation of carcass traits and meat quality in native Aseel chickens and commercial broilers. Br Poult Sci, 57 (3): 339-347, 2016. DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1162282
Dadgar S, Lee ES, Leer TLV, Crowe TG, Classen HL, Shand PJ: Effect of acute cold exposure, age, sex and lairage on broiler breast meat quality. Poult Sci, 90 (2): 444-457, 2011. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00840
Zhao JP, Zhao GP, Jiang RR, Zheng MQ, Chen JL, Liu RR, Wen J: Effects of diet-induced differences in growth rate on metabolic, histological, and meat-quality properties of 2 muscles in male chickens of 2 distinct broiler breeds. Poult Sci, 91 (1): 237-247, 2012. DOI: 10.3382/ PS.2011-01667
Jlali M, Gigaud V, Métayer-Coustard S, Sellier N, Tesseraud S, Le Bihan-Duval E, Berri C: Modulation of glycogen and breast meat processing ability by nutrition in chickens: Effect of crude protein level in 2 chicken genotypes. J Anim Sci, 90 (2): 447-455, 2012. DOI: 10.2527/ JAS.2011-4405
Le Bihan-Duval E, Debut M, Berri C, Sellier N, Sante-Lhoutellier V, Jego Y, Beaumont C: Chicken meat quality: Genetic variability and relationship with growth and muscle characteristics. BMC Genet, 9 (1): 53, 2008. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-9-53
Saxena VK, Sachdev AK, Gopal R, Pramod AB: Roles of important candidate genes on broiler meat quality. Worlds Poult Sci J, 65 (1): 37-50, 2009. DOI: 10.1017/S0043933909000038
Lessire M, Primot Y, Corrent E, Fraysse P, Tesseraud S, Berri C: Lysine supply in finishing broilers: Effect on performances and meat quality. In, Oltjen JW, Kebreab E, Lapierre H (Eds): Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition in Sustainable Animal Production. 134, 209- 210, Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen 2013.
Berri C, Besnard J, Relandeau C: Increasing dietary lysine increases final pH and decreases drip loss of broiler breast meat. Poult Sci, 87 (3): 480-484, 2008. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00226
Duncan DB: Multiple range and multiple F-tests. Biometrics, 11 (1): 1-42, 1955. DOI: 10.2307/3001478
SAS Institute Inc: SAS/STAT User’s Guide: Statistics.Version 9.1. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC; 2002-2003.
Adedeji OS, Amao SR, Oguntunde MM, Dada ID: Evaluation of general performance and carcass qualities of organically raised broiler chickens from day old to 12 weeks of age. IJAIR, 2 (4): 466-471, 2014.
NRC: Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th edn., Washington (DC): National Academy Press, 1994.
Batool T, Roohi A, Roohi N, Mahmud A: Impact of different dietary lysine regimens on blood biochemical profile and immune response in indigenous Aseel varieties. Pak Vet J, 37 (4): 393-398, 2017.
Thutwa K, Nsoso SJ, Kgwatalala PM, Moreki JC: Comparative live weight, growth performance, feed intake, carcass traits and meat quality in two strains of Tswana chickens raised under intensive system in south east district of Botswana. Int J Appl Poult Res, 1 (1): 21-26, 2012.
Cheng FY, Huang CW, Wan TC, Liu YT, Lin LC, Lou Chyr CY: The effects of free-range farming, compared to a conventional production system, on carcass and meat qualities were studied using black-feathered Taiwan native chickens. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 21 (8): 1201-1206, 2008. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2008.80080
Castellini C, Mugnai C, Bosco AD: Effect of organic production system on broiler carcass and meat quality. Meat Sci, 60 (3): 219-225, 2002. DOI: 10.1016/S0309-1740(01)00124-3
De Marchi M, Cassandro M, Lunardi E, Baldan G, Siegel PB: Carcass characteristics and qualitative meat traits of the Padovana breed of chicken. Int J Poult Sci, 4 (4): 233-238, 2005. DOI: 10.3923/ ijps.2005.233.238
Le Bihan-Duval E: Genetic variability within and between breeds of poultry technological meat quality. Worlds Poult Sci J, 60, 331-340, 2004. DOI: 10.1079/WPS200321
Ayaşan T, Okan F: Effects of diets containing different levels of threonine and lysine aminoacids on fattening performance of broiler chicks. Süleyman Demirel Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg, 5 (1): 36-43, 2010.
Guan RF, Lyu F, Chen XQ, Ma JQ, Jiang H, Xiao CG: Meat quality traits of four Chinese indigenous chicken breeds and one commercial broiler stock. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 14 (10): 896-902, 2013. DOI: 10.1631/jzus. B1300163
Tumova E, Teimouri A: Chicken muscle fibres characteristics and meat quality: A review. Scientia Agric Bohem, 40 (4): 253-258, 2009.
Choi YM, Kim BC: Muscle fiber characteristics, myofibrillar protein isoforms, and meat quality. Livest Sci, 122 (2-3): 105-118, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.08.015
Chen XD, Ma QG, Tang MY, Ji C: Development of breast muscle and meat quality in Arbor Acres broilers, Jingxing 100 crossbred chickens and Beijing fatty chickens. Meat Sci, 77 (2): 220-227, 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j. meatsci.2007.03.008
Rehfeldt CH, Fiedler I, Stickland NC: Number and size of muscle fibres in relation to meat production. In, Pas MFW, Everts ME, Haagsman HP (Eds): Muscle Development of Livestock Animals: Physiology, Genetics, and Meat Quality. Cambridge (MA), CABI Publisher, 2004. DOI: 10.1079/9780851998114.0000
Mir NA, Rafiq A, Kumar F, Singh, Shkla V: Determinants of broiler chicken meat quality and factors affecting them: A review. J Food Sci Tech. 54 (10): 2997-3009, 2017. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2789-z
Scheuermann GN, Bilgili SF, Tuzun S, Mulvaney DR: Comparison of chicken genotypes: Myofibre number in pectoralis muscle and myostatin ontogeny. Poult Sci, 83, 1404-1412, 2004. DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.8.1404
Mueller S, Kreuzer M, Siegrist M, Mannale K, Messikommer RE, Gangnat IDM: Carcass and meat quality of dual-purpose chickens (Lohmann Dual, Belgian Malines, Schweizerhuhn) in comparison to broiler and layer chicken types. Poult Sci, 2018. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey172