Buket BAKIR, Hasan ASKER, Ebru KARADAĞ SARI, Sevda ELİŞ YILDIZ

Diyabetik Ratlarda Fesleğen (Ocimum sanctum) Uygulamasının Böbrek Dokusunda Tümör Nekrozis Faktör-α ve İnterlökin 1β Salınımı Üzerine Etkileri

Bu çalışmada, fesleğen (Ocimum sanctum) uygulamasının, streptozotocin (STZ) ile deneysel diyabet oluşturulan ratların böbrek dokusunda tümör nekrozis faktör alfa (TNF-α) ve interlökin 1β (IL-1β) üzerine meydana getirdiği değişikleri incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda toplam 40 adet Spraque Dawley cinsi erkek rat kullanıldı. Ratlar, Diyabet, Diyabet + Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum sanctum, Kontrol ve Sham olmak üzere 5 gruba ayrıldı. TNF-α ve IL-1β’in böbrek dokusundaki immunohistokimyasal lokalizasyonu streptavidin-biotin peroxidaz yöntemi ile belirlendi. Diyabet ve Diyabet + Ocimum sanctum uygulanmış grubun dışındaki grupların böbrek korteksinde zayıf düzeyde TNF-α immunoreaktivitesi tespit edildi. Diyabet grubunun böbrek korteksinde güçlü, Diyabet + Ocimum sanctum grubunda ise böbrek korteksinde orta düzeyde IL-1β immunoreaktivitesi tespit edilmesine rağmen Ocimum sanctum, Sham ve Kontrol grubundaki ratlarda ise zayıf düzeyde immunoreaktivite tespit edildi. Bu çalışma ile deneysel olarak diyabet oluşturulmuş ratlarda Ocimum sanctum’un sitokin genlerinde oluşan polimorfizmlerin diyabetli hastalarda komplikasyon gelişiminde önemli rol oynadıkları gösterilen TNF-α ve IL-1β’in böbrek dokusu üzerine ne kadar etkili olduğu değerlendirildi

The Eff ects of the Basil (Ocimum sanctum) Treatment on the Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin 1β Release in the Kidney Tissue of the Diabetic Rats

This study aims to examine the changes of the Ocimum sanctum treatment on the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)in the kidney tissue of the rats, in which the experimental diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ). Forty Sprague Dawley male rats weredivided into 5 groups: Diabetes, Diabetes + Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum sanctum, Control, and Sham. The immunohistochemical localizationof TNF-α and IL-1β in the kidney tissue was determined by using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method. Strong TNF-α immunoreactivitywas determined in the renal cortex of the rats in the Diabetes and Diabetes + Ocimum sanctum groups on 14th days, low immunoreactivitywas determined in the rats in Ocimum sanctum, Sham, and Control groups. While strong IL-1β immunoreactivity was observed in the renalcortex of the Diabetes group, moderate IL-1β immunoreactivity was observed in the renal cortex of the Diabetes + Ocimum sanctum and lowimmunoreactivity was determined in the Ocimum sanctum, Sham, and Control groups. In this study, it was assessed how the polymorphisms,occurring in the cytokine genes of Ocimum sanctum in the rats, in which experimental diabetes was induced, and TNF-α and IL-1β, which wasdemonstrated to have an important role in the complication development in the diabetic patients aff ected the renal tissue.

PDF

___

1. Adeva-Andany MM, Funcasta-Calderón R, Fernández-Fernández C, Castro-Quintela E, Carneiro-Freire N: Metabolic effects of glucagon in humans. J Clin Transl Endocrinol, 15, 45-53, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j. jcte.2018.12.005
2. Elmarakby AA, Sullivan JC: Relation ship between oxidative stres and inflammatory cytokines in diabetic nephropathy. Cardiovasc Ther, 30 (1): 49-59 2012. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00218.x
3. Luotola K, Paakkönen R, Alanne M, Lanki T, Moilanen L, Surakka I, Pietilä A, Kähönen M, Nieminen MS, Antero Kesäniemi Y, Peters A, Jula A, Perola M, Salomaa V: Association of variation in the Interleukin-1 gene family with diabetes and glucose homeostasis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94, 4575-4583, 2009. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0666
4. Szoke D, Molnar B, Solymosi N, Racz K, Gergics P, Blasko B, VasarhelyiB, VannayA, Mandy Y, Klausz G, Gyulai Z, Galamb O, Spisak S, Hutkai B, Somogyi A, Berta K, Szabo A, Tulassay T, Tulassay Z: Polymorphisms of the ApoE, HSD3B1, IL-1β and p53 genes are associated with the development of early uremic complications in diabetic patients: Results of A DNA Resequencing Array Study. Int J Mol Med, 23 (2): 217-227, 2009. DOI: 10.3892/ijmm_00000120
5. Sánchez-Tirado E, Salvo C, González-Cortés A, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Langa F, Pingarrón JM: Electrochemical immunosensor for simultaneous determination of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in serum and saliva using dual screen printed electrodes modified with functionalized double-walled carbon nanotubes. Anal Chim Acta, 959, 66- 73, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.034
6. Liu C, Feng X, Li Q, Wang Y, Li Q, Hua M: Adiponectin, TNF-α and inflammatory cytokines and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine, 86, 100-109, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j. cyto.2016.06.028
7. Prakash P, Gupta N: Therapeuticuses of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) with a note on eugenol and its pharmacological actions: A short review. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 49 (2): 125-131, 2005.
8. Bano N, Ahmed A, Tanveer M, Khan GM, Ansari MT: Pharmacological evaluation of Ocimum sanctum. J Bioequivalenc Bioavailab, 9 (3): 387-392, 2017. DOI: 10.4172/jbb.1000330
9. Mukherjee PK, Maiti K, Mukherjee K, Houghton PJ: Leads from Indian medicinal plants with hypoglycemic potentials. J Ethnopharmacol, 106 (1): 1-28, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.021
10. Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS: Systematic review of herbs and dietary sublements for glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care, 26 (4):1277-1294, 2003. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.4.1277
11. Nazarian-Samani Z, Sewell RDE, Lorigooini Z, Rafieian-Kopaei M: Medicinal plants with multiple effects on diabetes mellitus and its complications: A Systematic review. Curr Diab Rep, 18 (10): 72, 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s11892-018-1042-0
12. Suanarunsawa T, Anantasomboon G, Piewbang C: Anti-diabetic and anti-oxidative activity of fixed oil extracted from Ocimum sanctum L. leaves in diabetic rats. Exp Ther Med, 11 (3): 832-840, 2016. DOI: 10.3892/ etm.2016.2991
13. Pattanayak P, Behera P, Das D, Panda SK: Ocimum sanctum Linn. A reservoir plant for therapeutic applications: An overview. Pharmacogn Rev, 4 (7): 95-105, 2010. DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.65323
14. Kanitkar M, Bhonde R: Existence of islet regenerating factors within the pancreas. Rev Diabet Stud, 1 (4): 185-192, 2004. DOI: 10.1900/ RDS.2004.1.185
15. Luna LG: Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. 3rd ed., 72-100, Mc Graw-Hill Book Comp, 1968.
16. Zhu QY: Analysis of blood vessel invasion by cells of thyroid follicular carcinoma using image processing combined with immunohistochemistry. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, 69 (10): 573-575, 1989.
17. Seidal T, Balaton AJ, Battifora H: İnterpretation and quantification of immunostains. Am J Surg Pathol, 25 (9): 1204-1207, 2001. DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200109000-00013
18. Bakir B, Karadag Sari E, Elis Yildiz S, Asker H: Effects of thymoquinone supplementation on somatostatin secretion in pancreas tissue of rats. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 23 (3): 409-413, 2017, DOI: 10.9775/ kvfd.2016.16893
19. Ramzan T, Aslam B, Muhammad F, Faisal MN, Hussain A: Influence of Ocimum sanctum (L.) extract on the activity of gliclazide in alloxaninduced diabetes in rats. Rev Chim, 71 (10): 101-110, 2020. DOI: 10.37358/ RC.20.11.8379
20. Suanarunsawat T, Devakul Na Ayutthaya W, Thirawarapan S, Poungshompoo S: Anti-oxidative, anti-hyperglycemic and lipid-lowering effects of aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum L. leaves in diabetic rats. Food Nutr Sci, 5 (9), 801-811, 2014. DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.59090
21. Antora RA, Salleh RM: Antihyperglycemic effect of Ocimum plants: A short review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 7 (8): 755-759, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j. apjtb.2017.07.010
22. Pandiri I, Moni A: Ocimum herb species: A potential treatment strategy for diabetic kidney disease. J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther, 1 (3), 88-91, 2018. DOI: 10.5455/jabet.2018.d16
23. Narendhirakannan RT, Subramanian S, Kandaswamy M: Biochemical evaluation of antidiabetogenic properties of some commonly used Indian plants on streptozotocin induced diabetes in experimental rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 33 (12): 1150–1157, 2006. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440- 1681.2006.04507.x
24. Hannan JMA, Marenah L, Ali L, Rokeya B, Flatt PR, Abdel-Wahab YHA: Ocimum sanctum leaf extracts stimulate insulin secretion from perfused pancreas, isolated islets and clonal pancreatic beta-cells. J Endocrinol, 189 (1): 127-136, 2006. DOI: 10.1677/joe.1.06615
25. Lee EY, Lee MY, Hong SW, Chung CH, Yong Hong SY: Blockade of oxidative stres by vitamin C ameliorates albuminuria and renal sclerosis in experimental diabetic rats. Yonsei Med J, 48 (5): 847-855, 2007. DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2007.48.5.847
26. Singh LP, Crook ED: Hexosamine regulation of glucose-mediated laminin synthesis in mesangial cells involves proetin kinases A and C. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 279 (4): F646-F654, 2000. DOI: 10.1152/ ajprenal.2000.279.4.F646
27. Reeves WB Andreoli TE: Transforming growth factor β contributes to progressive diabetic nephropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 97 (14): 7667- 7669, 2000. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.14.7667
28. Swaroop JJ, Rajarajeswari D, Naidu JN: Association of TNF-α with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Med Res, 135 (1): 127-130, 2012. DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.93435
29. Rochlani Y, Pothineni NV, Kovelamudi S, Mehta JL: Metabolic syndrome: Pathophysiology, management, and modulation by natural compounds. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis, 11 (8): 215-225, 2017. DOI: 10.1177/ 1753944717711379
30. Xu X, Qi X, Shao Y, Li Y, Fu X, Feng S, Wu Y: Blockade of TGF-βactivated kinase revents advanced glycation end products-induced inflammatory response in macrophages. Cytokine, 78, 62-68, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.023
31. Ma L, Ni H, Zou X, Yuan Y, Luo C, Liu B, Wang F, Xi Y, Chu Y, Xu P, Qiu X, Li S, Bu S: Mori cortex prevents kidney damage through inhibiting expression of inflammatory factors in the glomerulus in streptozocininduced diabetic rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci, 20 (6): 715-721, 2017. DOI: 10.22038/IJBMS.2017.8842
32. Senatorski G, Paczec L, Kropiewnicka E, Bartłomiejczyk I: Cytokines in non invasive diagnostics of diabetic nephropathy progression. Pol Merkur Lekarski, 13 (Suppl. 1): 28-32, 2002.
33. Hameed I, Masoodi SR, Malik PA, Mir SA, Ghazanfar K, Ganai BA: Genetic variations in key inflammatory cytokines exacerbates the risk of diabetic nephropathy by influencing the gene expression. Gene, 661, 51- 59, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.095
34. Kumar Jayant S, Srivastava N: Effect of Ocimum sanctum against alloxan induced diabetes and biochemical alterations in rats. Integr Obesity Diabetes, 2 (5): 1-4. 2016. DOI: 10.15761/IOD.1000162
35. Utsav, Kumar B, Kumar A: Diabetes mellitus and its control by Ocimum sanctum extract in mice diabetic Model. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci, 5 (11): 795-810, 2016. DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2016.511.091