Khaled Ali HAGIG, Bahadır ACAR, Edip TAŞKESEN, Edip TAŞKESEN, Edip TAŞKESEN, Mehmet ÖZKAYMAK

Freeze-drying kinetics and diffusion modeling of hawthorn

This study tests freeze-drying (FD) technology (Scanvac Coolsafe model, Labogene brand) to preserve hawthorn fruit. First, 100g hawthorn slices were frozen and then freeze-dried. Kinet-ic models were applied, and hawthorn’s moisture ratio and weight loss were noted after every two hours during the 14-hour freeze-drying process. Matlab program is used to perform a to-tal of eight kinetic drying models. Results show that the root mean square error was 0.011063, the highest determination coefficient was 0.9987, the least chi-square was 1.959x10-4, and the effective diffusivity was 2.33742x10-10m2/s. The diffusion approach is the best among the eight models.

Keywords:

Drying Kinetics, Freeze-drying, Kinetic Drying Model, Diffusion Approach Model, Drying Hawthorn,

PDF

___

References [1] Kowalski R, Kowalski G, Kalwa K, Sujka M. Essential oil composition of hawthorn crataegus monogyna inflorescence. Chem Nat Compd 2018;54:995997. [CrossRef] [2] Ozcan M, Haciseferogulları H, Marakoglu T, Arslan D. Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) fruit: some physical and chemical properties. J Food Eng 2005;69:409413. [CrossRef]
[3] Zhang Z, Chang Q, Zhu M, Huang Y, Ho W-K-K, Chen Z-Y. Characterization of Antioxidants Present in Hawthorn Fruits. J. Nutr. Biochem 2001;12:144152. [CrossRef]
[4] Ammon H-P-T, Handel M. Crataegus, toxicology and pharmacology. Part II: Pharmacodynamics. Planta Med 1981;43:209239. [CrossRef]
[5] Zhang Z, Ho W-K-K, Huang Y, Chen Z-Y. Hypocholesterolemic activity of hawthorn fruit is mediated by regulation of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase and acyl CoA: Cholesterol acyltransferase. Food Res Int 2002;35:885891. [CrossRef] [6] Marques L-G, Freire J-T. Analysis of freeze-drying of tropical fruits. Dry Technol 2005;23:21692184. [CrossRef]
[7] Kırmacı V, Usta H, Menlik T. An experimental study on freeze-drying behavior of strawberries. Dry Technol 2008;26:15701576. [CrossRef]
[8] Moraga G, Talens P, Moraga M-J, Martinez N-N. Implication of water activity and glass transition on the mechanical and optical properties of freeze-dried apple and banana slices. J Food Eng 2011;106;212219. [CrossRef]
[9] Kopjar M, Pilizota V, Hribar J, Simcic M, Zlatic E, Tiban N-N. Influence of trehalose addition and storage conditions on the quality of strawberry cream filling. J Food Eng 2011;106:212219.
[10] Zaichick V, Zaichick S. A search for losses of chemical elements during freeze-drying of biological materials. J Rad Nuc Chem 1997;218:249253. [CrossRef]
[11] Oetjen G, Haseley P. Freeze-drying. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Press: 2004. [CrossRef]
[12] Kochs M, Körber C, Nunner B, Heschel I. The influence of the freezing process on vapour transport during sublimation in vacuum-freeze-drying. Int J Heat Mass Transf 1991;34:23952408. [CrossRef]
[13] Acar B, Sadikoglu H, Ozkaymak M. Freeze Drying of Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.). Dry. Technol 2011;29:16221627. [CrossRef]
[14] Liapis A-I, Pikal M-J, Bruttini R. Research and development needs and opportunities in freeze drying. Dry Technol 1996;14:12651300. [CrossRef] [15] Sadikoglu H, Ozdemir M, Seker M. Freeze-drying of pharmaceutical products: Research and development needs. Dry Technol 2006;24:849861. [CrossRef]
[16] Sadikoglu H, Liapis A-I. Mathematical modelling of the primary and secondary drying stages of bulk solution freeze-drying in trays: parameter estimation and model discrimination by comparison of theoretical results with experimental data. Dry Technol 1997;15:791810. [CrossRef] [17] Acar B, Sadikoglu H, Doymaz I. Freeze-drying kinetics and diffusion modeling of saffron (crocus sativus L.). J Food Process Preserv 2015:29;142149. [CrossRef]
[18] Ishwaya S-P, Anandharamakrishnan C. Spray-freeze-drying approach for soluble coffee processing and its effect on quality characteristics. J Food Eng 2015;149:171180. [CrossRef]
[19] Wang J, Li Y-Z, Chen R-R, Bao J-Y, Yang G-M. Comparison of volatiles of banana powder dehydrated by vacuum belt drying, freeze-drying and air-drying. Food Chem 2007;104:15161521. [CrossRef]
[20] Jiang H, Zhang M, Mujumdar A-S. Physico-chemical changes during different Stages of MFD/FD banana chips. J Food Eng 2010;101:140145. [CrossRef]
[21] Khampakool A, Soisungwan S, Park S-H. Potential application of infrared assisted freeze drying (IRAFD) for banana snacks: Drying kinetics, energy consumption, and texture. Food Sci Tech 2019;99:355363. [CrossRef]
[22] Maskan M. Drying, shrinkage and rehydration characteristics of kiwifruits during hot air and microwave drying. J Food Eng 2001;48:177182. [CrossRef] [23] Maskan M. Microwave/air and microwave finish drying of banana. J Food Eng 2000;44:7178. [CrossRef]
[24] Sadikoglu H, Liapis A-I, Grosser O-K. Optimal control of the primary and secondary drying stages of bulk solution freeze drying in trays. Dry Technol 1998;16:399431. [CrossRef]
[25] Menges H-O, Ertekin C. Mathematical modeling of thin layer drying of golden apples. J Food Eng 2006;77:119125. [CrossRef] [26] Rayaguru K, Routray W, Mohanty S-N. Mathematical modeling and quality parameters of air-dried betel leaf (piper betle L.). J Food Process Preserv 2011;35:394401. [CrossRef]
[27] Sadikoglu H, Ozdemir M, Seker M. Optimal control of the primary drying stage of freeze drying of solutions in vials using variational calculus. Dry Technol 2003;21:13071331. [CrossRef]
[28] Senadeera W, Bhandari B-R, Young G, Wijesinghe B. Influence of shapes of selected vegetable materials on drying kinetics during fluidized bed drying. J Food Eng 2003;58:277283. [CrossRef]
[29] Souret F-F, Weathers P-J. The growth of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in aeroponics and hydroponics. J Herbs Spices Med Plants 2000;7:2535. [CrossRef]
[30] Tapaneyasin R, Devahastin S, Tansakul A. Drying methods and quality of shrimp dried in a jet-spouted bed dryer. J Food Process Eng 2005;28:3552. [CrossRef] [31] Vega-Galvez A, Miranda M, Bilbao-Sainz C, Uribe E, Lemus-Mondaca R. Freeze-drying kinetics and diffusion modeling of saffron (crocus sativus L.). J Food Process Preserv 2008;32:972986. [CrossRef] [32] Crank J. The mathematics of Diffusion. Great Britain: Oxford University Press: 1975.
[33] Zogzas N-P, Maroulis Z-B, Marinos-Kouris D. Moisture diffusivity data compilation in foodstuffs. Dry Technol 1996;14:22252253. [CrossRef]