Sandhya MADDERLA, Devarajan RAMASAMY, K SUDHAKAR, Kumaran KADİRGAMA, Wan Sharuzi WAN HARUN

Heat transfer performance of a radiator with and without louvered strip by using Graphene-based nanofluids

The present work is focused on the Graphene-based nanofluids with high thermal conductivity which helps to improve the performance and enhance heat transfer. The thermal systems emphasis on the fluid coolant selection and statistical model. Graphene is a super-material, lighter than air, high thermal conductivity, and chemical stability. The purpose of the research is to work up with Graphene-based Nanofluids i.e., Graphene (G) and Graphene oxide (GO). Nanoparticles are dispersed in a base fluid with a 60:40 ratio Water & Ethylene Glycol and at different volume concentrations ranging from 0.01%-0.09%. Radiator model is designed in modelling software and louvered strip is inserted. The simulation (Finite Element Analysis) is performed to evaluate variation in temperature drop, enthalpy, entropy, heat transfer coefficient and total heat transfer rate of the considered nanofluids, results were compared by with and without louvered strip in the radiator for the temperature absorption. 58-60% enhancement of enthalpy observed when Graphene and Graphene oxide nanofluid was utilized. 1.8% enhancement of entropy is observed in 0.09% volume concentration of the Graphene and Graphene oxide nanofluid when louvered strips are inserted in the radiator tube at a flow rate of 3 LPM. With louvered strip inserted in the radiator, heat transfer coefficient enhanced by 236% for Graphene and 320% enhancement is identified for Graphene oxide nanofluid when compared to without louvered strip insert. The results stated that high performance is observed with the utilization of louvered strip in the radiator tube.

Keywords:

Radiator, Louvered strip, Graphene, Graphene oxide, Heat transfer,

PDF

___

[1] Yadav, J. and B.R. Singh, Study on performance evaluation of automotive radiator. S-JPSET, 2011. 2(2): p. 47-56. https://doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v2i2.1604.
[2] Sandhya, M., et al., A systematic review on graphene-based nanofluids application in renewable energy systems: Preparation, characterization, and thermophysical properties. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2021. 44: p. 101058. DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2021.101058.
[3] Kilic, M. and H.M. Ali, Numerical investigation of combined effect of nanofluids and multiple impinging jets on heat transfer. Thermal Science, 2019. 23(5 Part B): p. 3165-3173. https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI171204094K.
[4] Kilic, M., M. Yavuz, and I. Yılmaz. Effects of Nanofluids on Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow with Impinging Jet. in International Conference On Advances And Innovations in Engineering ICAIE May. 2017.
[5] Khot, A., et al., An Overview of Radiator Performance Evaluation and Testing. International Organization of Scientific Research-Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 2012. 2: p. 07-10.
[6] Kilic, M. and A. Abdulvahitoglu, Numerical investigation of heat transfer at a rectangular channel with combined effect of nanofluids and swirling jets in a vehicle radiator. Thermal Science, 2019. 23(6 Part A): p. 3627-3637. https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI180816294K.
[7] Sandhya, M., et al. Enhancement of tribological behaviour and thermophysical properties of engine oil lubricant by Graphene/Co-Cr nanoparticle additives for preparation of stable nanolubricant. in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2021. IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1078/1/012016.
[8] Sandhya, M., et al. Enhancement of the heat transfer in radiator with louvered fin by using Graphene-based hybrid nanofluids. in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2021. IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1062/1/012014.
[9] Sahoo, R.R. and J. Sarkar, Heat transfer performance characteristics of hybrid nanofluids as coolant in louvered fin automotive radiator. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017. 53(6): p. 1923-1931. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-016-1951-x.
[10] Peyghambarzadeh, S., et al., Experimental study of heat transfer enhancement using water/ethylene glycol based nanofluids as a new coolant for car radiators. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011. 38(9): p. 1283-1290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2011.07.001.
[11] Kilic, M., Numerical investigation of heat transfer from a porous plate with transpiration cooling. 2018. https://doi.org/10.18186/journal-of-thermal-engineering.362048.
[12] Oliet, C., et al., Parametric studies on automotive radiators. Applied thermal engineering, 2007. 27(11-12): p. 2033-2043. doi:101016/japplthermaleng200612006.
[13] Mohebbi, R., M. Izadi, and A.J. Chamkha, Heat source location and natural convection in a C-shaped enclosure saturated by a nanofluid. Physics of Fluids, 2017. 29(12): p. 122009. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4993866.
[14] Eastman, J.A., et al., Anomalously increased effective thermal conductivities of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids containing copper nanoparticles. Applied physics letters, 2001. 78(6): p. 718-720. DOI: 10.1063/1.1341218.
[15] Umavathi, J., et al., Unsteady oscillatory flow and heat transfer in a horizontal composite porous medium channel. Nonlinear analysis: Modelling and control, 2009. 14(3): p. 397-415. DOI: 10.15388/NA.2009.14.3.14503.
[16] Ghalambaz, M., et al., Conjugate natural convection flow of Ag–MgO/water hybrid nanofluid in a square cavity. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2020. 139(3): p. 2321-2336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08617-7.
[17] Heris, S.Z., et al., Experimental study of heat transfer of a car radiator with CuO/ethylene glycol-water as a coolant. Journal of dispersion science and technology, 2014. 35(5): p. 677-684. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2013.805301.
[18] Jiao, Y., et al., The graphene oxide ionic solvent-free nanofluids and their battery performances. Science of Advanced Materials, 2018. 10(12): p. 1706-1713. DOI: 10.1166/sam.2018.3338.
[19] Kilic, M., A numerical analysis of transpiration cooling as an air cooling mechanism. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018. 54(12): p. 3647-3662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-018-2391-6.
[20] Rashad, A., et al., Entropy generation and MHD natural convection of a nanofluid in an inclined square porous cavity: effects of a heat sink and source size and location. Chinese journal of physics, 2018. 56(1): p. 193-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjph.2017.11.026.
[21] Chamkha, A., et al., Effects of heat sink and source and entropy generation on MHD mixed convection of a Cu-water nanofluid in a lid-driven square porous enclosure with partial slip. Physics of Fluids, 2017. 29(5): p. 052001. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4981911.
[22] Wang, Z., et al., Experimental comparative evaluation of a graphene nanofluid coolant in miniature plate heat exchanger. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2018. 130: p. 148-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.04.021.
[23] Sumanth, S., et al., Effect of carboxyl graphene nanofluid on automobile radiator performance. Heat Transfer—Asian Research, 2018. 47(4): p. 669-683. https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.21335.
[24] Chamkha, A.J., I.V. Miroshnichenko, and M.A. Sheremet, Numerical analysis of unsteady conjugate natural convection of hybrid water-based nanofluid in a semicircular cavity. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 2017. 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4036203.
[25] Liu, X., et al., Volumetric solar steam generation enhanced by reduced graphene oxide nanofluid. Applied Energy, 2018. 220: p. 302-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.097.
[26] Sandhya, M., et al., Ultrasonication an intensifying tool for preparation of stable nanofluids and study the time influence on distinct properties of graphene nanofluids–A systematic overview. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 2021. 73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105479.
[27] Abbas, F., et al., Nanofluid: Potential evaluation in automotive radiator. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2019: p. 112014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112014.
[28] Taghioskoui, M., Trends in graphene research. Materials today, 2009. 12(10): p. 34-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(09)70274-3.
[29] Cervenka, J., Harder than diamond, stronger than steel, super conductor… graphene’s unreal. The Conversation, March, 2012. 18.
[30] Bolotin, K.I., et al., Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene. Solid State Communications, 2008. 146(9-10): p. 351-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2008.02.024.
[31] Ponangi, B.R., et al. Heat transfer analysis of radiator using graphene oxide nanofluids. in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/346/1/012032.
[32] Ponangi, B.R., et al. Performance analysis of automobile radiator using carboxyl graphene nanofluids. in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/346/1/012031.
[33] Parvin, S., et al., Thermal conductivity variation on natural convection flow of water–alumina nanofluid in an annulus. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012. 55(19-20): p. 5268-5274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.05.035.
[34] Maxwell, J.C., A treatise on electricity and magnetism. Vol. 1. 1881: Clarendon press.
[35] Hamilton, R.L. and O. Crosser, Thermal conductivity of heterogeneous two-component systems. Industrial & Engineering chemistry fundamentals, 1962. 1(3): p. 187-191. https://doi.org/10.1021/i160003a005.
[36] Charunyakorn, P., S. Sengupta, and S. Roy, Forced convection heat transfer in microencapsulated phase change material slurries: flow in circular ducts. International journal of heat and mass transfer, 1991. 34(3): p. 819-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(91)90128-2.
[37] Xue, Q.-Z., Model for effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Physics letters A, 2003. 307(5-6): p. 313-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9601(02)01728-0.
[38] Yu, W. and S. Choi, The role of interfacial layers in the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids: a renovated Maxwell model. Journal of nanoparticle research, 2003. 5(1-2): p. 167-171. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024438603801.
[39] Gandhi, K., et al., Measurement of thermal and electrical conductivities of graphene nanofluids. 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6846.
[40] Bahaya, B., D. Johnson, and C. Yavuzturk, On the effect of graphene nanoplatelets on water–graphene nanofluid thermal conductivity, viscosity, and heat transfer under laminar external flow conditions. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2018. 140(6). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038835.
[41] Bahiraei, M., N. Mazaheri, and A. Rizehvandi, Application of a hybrid nanofluid containing graphene nanoplatelet–platinum composite powder in a triple-tube heat exchanger equipped with inserted ribs. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019. 149: p. 588-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.12.072.
[42] Shah, S.N.A., et al., Experimental investigation on stability, thermal conductivity and rheological properties of rGO/ethylene glycol based nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020. 150: p. 118981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118981.
[43] Kılınç, F., E. Buyruk, and K. Karabulut, Experimental investigation of cooling performance with graphene based nano-fluids in a vehicle radiator. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020. 56(2): p. 521-530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02722-x.
[44] Hamze, S., et al., Few-layer graphene-based nanofluids with enhanced thermal conductivity. Nanomaterials, 2020. 10(7): p. 1258. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10071258.
[45] Einstein, A., On the theory of the Brownian movement. Ann. Phys, 1906. 19(4): p. 371-381.
[46] Nasrin, R., M. Alim, and A.J. Chamkha, Combined convection flow in triangular wavy chamber filled with water–CuO nanofluid: effect of viscosity models. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012. 39(8): p. 1226-1236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2012.06.005.
[47] Wang, X., X. Xu, and S.U. Choi, Thermal conductivity of nanoparticle-fluid mixture. Journal of thermophysics and heat transfer, 1999. 13(4): p. 474-480. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.6486.
[48] Sreedhar, T., B.N. Rao, and D.V. Kumar, Heat Transfer Enhancement with Different Nanofluids in Heat Exchanger by CFD, in Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering. 2020, Springer. p. 387-397.
[49] Park, S.S. and N.J. Kim, Influence of the oxidation treatment and the average particle diameter of graphene for thermal conductivity enhancement. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2014. 20(4): p. 1911-1915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.09.011.
[50] Kole, M. and T. Dey, Investigation of thermal conductivity, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of graphene based nanofluids. Journal of Applied Physics, 2013. 113(8): p. 084307. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4793581.
[51] Hadadian, M., E.K. Goharshadi, and A. Youssefi, Electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and rheological properties of graphene oxide-based nanofluids. Journal of nanoparticle Research, 2014. 16(12): p. 2788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2788-1.
[52] T.Sreedhar, B.N.a.D.V., heat transfer enhancement with different fluids in double pipe heat exchanger by Ansys fluent. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD), Feb 2019. , ISSN (P): 2249-6890(special issue): p. 59-65.
[53] Bharadwaj, B.R., et al. CFD analysis of heat transfer performance of graphene based hybrid nanofluid in radiators. in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/346/1/012084.
[54] Mehrali, M., et al., Effect of specific surface area on convective heat transfer of graphene nanoplatelet aqueous nanofluids. Experimental thermal and fluid science, 2015. 68: p. 100-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.03.012.
[55] Peyghambarzadeh, S., et al., Improving the cooling performance of automobile radiator with Al2O3/water nanofluid. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2011. 31(10): p. 1833-1838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.02.029.
[56] Anderson, J.D., COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS The Basics with Applications. McGraw-Hill, 1995.
[57] Mohammed, H., H.A. Hasan, and M. Wahid, Heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids in a double pipe heat exchanger with louvered strip inserts. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013. 40: p. 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2012.10.023.
[58] Karthik, P., V. Kumaresan, and R. Velraj, Experimental and parametric studies of a louvered fin and flat tube compact heat exchanger using computational fluid dynamics. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2015. 54(4): p. 905-915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2015.08.003.
[59] Hussein, A.M., R. Bakar, and K. Kadirgama, Study of forced convection nanofluid heat transfer in the automotive cooling system. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2014. 2: p. 50-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2013.12.001.
[60] Ali, M., A. El-Leathy, and Z. Al-Sofyany, The effect of nanofluid concentration on the cooling system of vehicles radiator. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2014. 6: p. 962510. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/962510.
[61] Wen, D. and Y. Ding, Experimental investigation into convective heat transfer of nanofluids at the entrance region under laminar flow conditions. International journal of heat and mass transfer, 2004. 47(24): p. 5181-5188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.07.012.

Başlangıç: 2015
Yayıncı: YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Arşiv