FiTO-İYİLESTiRME VE METAL BiRiKTiREN BiTKiLER

Fito-iyilestirrne, son yillarda uygun bir cevre-temizleme teknolojisi olarak kabul edilen ve uzerinde yogun bilimsel arastirmalann yapildig. bir alandir, Asin metal biriktirici bitkiler cevredeki metal kirliliginin iyilestirilmesinde buyuk bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bugune kadar yaklasik 400 bitki turunun asin metal biriktiricisi oldugu rapor edilrnistir. Fakat bu bitkilerin cogu kucuk ve yavas buyuyen ttirler oldugundan fitoiyilestirrne cahsrnalan icin uygun degildir, Aynca bitkilerde asm metal birikiminin alunda yatan temel biyokimyasal, fizyolojik ve molektiler mekanizmalar hakkindaki bilgi eksikligi fito-iyilestirrne teknolojisinin ticari amach kullarunuru smrrlamaktadrr. Bu simrlamalara ragmen asm metal biriktirici bitkiler bitki islahi ve genetik muhendisligi cahsrnalan icin bir gen kaynagi teskil etrnektedir. Genetik rnuhendisliginin kullarurruyla metallerin fito-iyilestirrnesinde kullarulabilecek ideal bitki ttirleri tiretilebilir. Bu derlemede fito-iyilestirme teknolojileri ve bu amacla kullarulabilecek asm metal biriktirici bitki ttirlerden bahsedilmis ve bu konudakibiyoteknolojik cahsmalara ornekler verilrnistir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ağır Metaller, Çevre, Transgenik Bitkiler

PHYTOREMEDIATION AND METAL ACCUMULATING PLANTS

Phytoremediation has been widely persued in recent years as a favorable clean-up technology and is an area of intensive scientific investigation. Plants that hyperacumulate metals have tremendous potantial for remediation of metal contamination in the environment. A on todate about 400 plant species that hyperaccumulate metal are reported, but most are not appropiate for phytoremediaiton because of their small size and slow growth. In addition, the lack of knowledge about the basic biochemical, physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in metal hyperaccumulation limits the commercial application of phytoremediation technology. Despite this limitations, hyperaccumulator plants serve as a gen reservoir for plant breeding and genetic engeneering studies. With the use of genetic engineering it is possible to made an ideal plant for phytoremediation of metals. This review aims to give an overview of phytoremediation technologies and hyperaccumulator plants that could be used for this purpose and points some biotechnological applications.

Keywords:

Environment, Heavy metals, Transgenic plants,

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