Tarımda Çalışanların Deri Kanseri Risk Düzeyleri, Risk Algıları, Bilgi ve Davranışlarının Belirlenmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışma, tarımda çalışanların deri kanseri risk algıları, risk düzeyleri, güneşten korunma bilgi ve davranışlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntemler: Araştırma tanımlayıcı tiptedir. Mart-Temmuz 2015 tarihleri arasında Antalya İli Kumluca İlçe merkezinde yapılmıştır. Örnekleme, tarımda çalışan 415 birey alınmıştır. Veriler yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Ki-kare Analizi, Mann Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis-H testi, Korelasyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma sonunda tarımda çalışanların %25,5’inin yüksek risk düzeyinde olduğu, fakat %50,8’inin kendisini deri kanseri için riskli görmediği belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların bilgi puan ortalaması 6,40 ± 2,17, davranış puan ortalaması 9,11 ± 4,92’dir. Hem bilgi hem de davranış puan ortalamalarını anlamlı düzeyde etkileyen değişkenler; ortaokul ve üzeri eğitim seviyesi, kadın cinsiyeti, yüksek risk algısı, 30 yaş altında ve 10 yıldan az süredir çalışıyor olmaktır. Katılımcıların bilgi ve davranış puan ortalamaları arasında pozitif yönde zayıf bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçları tarım çalışanlarının risk algısı, güneşten korunma bilgi ve davranışlarının düşük düzeyde olduğunu göstermiştir. Genç yaşta, ortaokul ve üzerinde eğitim seviyesinde ve 10 yıldan az süredir çalışıyor olanların, hem risk algılarının hem de bilgi ve davranış puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar kapsamında özellikle risk düzeyi yüksek, bilgi, davranış ve risk algı düzeyleri düşük bireylere yönelik, deri kanseri ve güneşten korunma eğitim ve tarama programlarının düzenlenmesi önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Halk sağlığı hemşiresi, tarımda çalışanlar, deri kanseri, risk algısı, güneşten korunma davranışı

Determination of Skin Cancer Risk Levels, Risk Perceptions, and Knowledge and Behaviors of Agricultural Workers

Objective: This study was conducted to determine skin cancer risk perceptions, risk levels, and sun protection knowledge and behaviors of agricultural workers.Methods: The research was a descriptive type. It was made in Kumluca District, Antalya Province, between March and July 2015. The sample included 415 individuals working in agriculture. The data were collected by face-to-face interview method. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, and correlation analysis were used to evaluate the data.Results: At the end of the study, it was determined that 25.5% of agricultural workers were at high risk, but that 50.8% did not consider themselves at risk for skin cancer. The mean knowledge score of participants was 6.40 ± 2.17, and the mean behavior score was 9.11 ± 4.92. The variables that significantly affect both knowledge and behavior mean scores are as follows: secondary school and above education level, female gender, high risk perception, being under age of 30, and working for less than 10 years. A weak positive relationship was found between the participants’ mean knowledge and behavior scores. Conclusion: Our study results showed that the skin cancer risk perception and sun protection knowledge and behaviors of agricultural workers were low. It was determined that individuals at young ages, with middle school education level and above, and working for less than 10 years had higher risk perception and knowledge and behavior scores. Within the scope of these results, it was recommended to organize training and screening programs for skin cancer and sun protection, especially for individuals with high risk levels and low knowledge, behavior, and risk perception levels.

Keywords:

Public health nurse, agricultural workers, skin cancer, risk perception, sun protection behavior,

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