Zeugma Konut Kontekstlerinde Mozaik Dekorasyon Programları

Bu makalede, Zeugma Antik Kentinde ve diğer bazı Greko-Romen merkezlerde özel hayatın geçtiği konutlardakimozaik dekorasyon programı ele alınmaktadır. Tartışmanın çıkış noktasını ise Zeugma’da bir Romakonutunda ortaya çıkarılmış yazıtlı bir mozaik oluşturmaktadır. Mozaik üzerinde geometrik desenler arasındabir panoda yer alan yazıtta, mozaiğin bulunduğu bu evde yaşamış ve isimleri kısmen yazıtta da korunmuşolan yeni evli bir çift için yazılmış bir evlilik şiiri, bir epithalamium (gerdek şarkısı) yer alır. Bu yazıt, özelkonutlarda yer alan yemek odaları ve mahrem odalardaki mozaik ve duvar resimlerinin konularının, antikdönem edebi metinlerinde ve mitolojide ideal evlilik kavramıyla özdeşleşmiş tanrı, tanrıça veya diğer tanınmışsevgililerin hikayeleriyle bağlantılı olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu kavramların resmedilmesinde, özellikleevlilikle bağlantılı Dionysos ve Bakhik ritüel betimlemeler de ana sahneye dahil edilerek vurgulanmaktaydı.Makale, özel hayatın geçtiği konutlarda genel dekorasyonun önemli bir parçası olan ve diğer dekorasyonagöre çok daha kalıcı olan bu mozaiklerin birçoğunun evlilik hazırlıkları içinde ısmarlanmış, hatta bazılarınınevlilik hediyesi olarak yapılmış olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Konular genellikle ev yaşayanlarının veyaçevresinin entelektüel altyapılarına göre seçilmiş, kurulan yeni ailede mutluluğu ve birlikteliği koruyacak,evliliği hatırlatacak ve ailenin soyunun devamını ve bereketini sembolize edecek edebi ve mitolojik hikayelerile ilgilidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Zeugma, mozaik, epithalamium, ikonografi, evlilik gelenekleri

Mosaic Programmes in Domestic Contexts at Zeugma

This article reassesses mosaic programmes in domestic contexts and in private spheres in the houses at Zeugmaand in some other Greco-Roman cities. The starting point of the argument in the article is a mosaic inscriptionwhich was found in a Roman house in Zeugma. The mosaic pavement itself decorates the floor of a chamberdecorated with geometric patterns and the inscription in the middle. The inscription is an epithalamium, a weddingsong, written for a newly-wedded couple, probably residents of the house, whose names are also partlypreserved in the poem. The inscription suggests that the theme and iconography of the mosaics and frescoesin public dining rooms and private rooms in the domestic context are associated with the stories of the gods,goddesses or other well-known couples related to the concept of ideal marriage in mythology and in literature.These marriage-related themes are accompanied by images of Dionysiac domesticity and Bacchic frenzy. Thisarticle proposes that many of these mosaics, which are much more permanent than the rest of the decoration,may have been commissioned as part of marriage preparations, perhaps as gifts to the wedded couple. Thesubjects are chosen according to the intellectual background of the house-dwellers and their milieu, from literaryand mythological narratives that are meant to protect the new family’s happiness and union, serve as areminder of marriage and symbolize the perpetuity of the family’s progeny and its prosperity.

Keywords:

Zeugma, Mosaic, epithalamium, iconography, marriage rites,

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