Türkiye'de emetrop çocuklarda miyopi gelişimi ve progresyonu

Amaç: Türkiye'de okul çağındaki emetrop çocuklarda miyopi gelişimini ve progresyonunu araştırmak. Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya 2010-2021 yılları arasında göz hastalıkları polikliniğine düzenli göz ve refraktif muayeneleri için başvuran 6-18 yaş arası emetrop çocukları dahil edildi. Bireyler altı aylık süre içinde en az iki kez muayene edildi. Miyopi progresyonu, başlangıç ve son muayenedeki sferik eşdeğer refraktif (SER) değerleri arasındaki fark olarak hesaplandı. Bireyler ayrıca yaşa göre miyopi gelişimi ve progresyonunu belirlemek için ülkenin okul dönemlerine göre 6-11, 12-16 ve 17-18 yaş grupları olarak kategorize edildi. SER değerlerindeki değişime göre bireyler emetrop kalanlar ve miyopi gelişenler olarak sınıflandırıldı. Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 9,4 ± 2,98 (6-18) olan 369 çocuğun (222 kız, 147 erkek) toplam 738 gözü çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların ortalama takip süresi 45,62 ± 26,36 (6-130) aydı. Son vizitte başlangıçtaki ortalama SER değeri -0,01 ± 0,10 D (dağılım: -0,375 ve +0,375) ve -0,44 ± 0,8 (dağılım: -5,00 ve +0,375) idi. Genel ortalama SER progresyonu -0.12 ± 0.25 D/yıl (aralık: -2.21 ve +0.36) olarak saptandı. Toplamda 234 gözde (%31,75) miyopi gelişti ve yıllık SER değişimi -0,38 ± 0,31 D/yıl (p<0,001) olarak bulundu. Kızların 79'unda (%35,7) ve erkeklerin 38'inde (%25,9) miyopi gelişti (p<0,006). 6-11 yaş arası 163 çocuk, 12-16 yaş arası 169 çocuk, 17-18 yaş arası 37 çocuk izlendi ve bu yaş gruplarında sırasıyla 41 (%25,2), 69 (%40,8) ve 7 (%18,9) hastada miyopi gelişti (p=0.15). Sonuç: Miyopi gelişimi ve progresyonu 12-16 yaş ve kadınlarda daha sık görülmektedir. Miyopi önleme önerileri, miyopi ilerlemesini azaltmak için yatkın yaş popülasyonlarına ve kız çocuklarına dikkatle tavsiye edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Emmetrop, miyop, miyopi gelişimi, miyopi progresyonu, çocuklarda miyopi

Development and progression of myopia in emmetropic children in Turkey

Aims: To investigate the development and progression of myopia in emmetrope school-aged children in Turkey. Methods: This retrospective study included emmetrope children aged 6-18 who attended the ophthalmology clinic for regular eye and refractive examinations between 2010 and 2021. Individuals were examined at least twice for six months period. Myopia progression was calculated as the difference between the baseline and the last visit spherical equivalent refractive (SER) values. Individuals were further categorized to determine the age-specific myopia development and progression as 6-11, 12-16, and 17-18 age groups based on the school periods of the country. According to the change in SER values, individuals were classified into those who remain emmetrope and those who develop myopia. Results: A total of 738 eyes of 369 children (222 female, 147 male) with a mean age of 9.4 ± 2.98 (6-18) years were included in the study. The mean follow-up time of patients was 45.62 ± 26.36 (6-130) months. The baseline mean SER value was -0.01 ± 0.10 D (range: -0.375 and +0.375) and -0.44 ± 0.8 (range: -5.00 and +0.375) at the final visit. The overall mean progression was -0.12 ± 0.25 D/year (range: -2.21 and +0.36). 234 eyes (31.75%) developed myopia, and annual SER change was -0.38 ± 0.31 D/year (p<0.001). 79 (35.7%) of females and 38 (25.9%) of males developed myopia with a statistical significance (p<0.006). There were 163 children between 6–11 years, 169 children between 12-16 years, 37 children between 17-18 years, and 41 (25.2%), 69 (40.8%), and 7 (18.9%) patients of age groups developed myopia, respectively (p=0.15). Conclusion: The development and progression of myopia is more common in 12-16 ages and females. Myopia prevention recommendations should be carefully advised to predisposed age populations and females to reduce myopia progression.

Keywords:

Emmetrope, myopia, development of myopia, progression of myopia, myopia in children,

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