INCREASING THE TOURISM DESTINATION COMPETITIVENESS OF THRACIAN REGION: SUGGESTIONS FOR DEVELOPING AND PROMOTING BUYUKCEKMECE AND IGNEADA

INCREASING THE TOURISM DESTINATION COMPETITIVENESS OF THRACIAN REGION: SUGGESTIONS FOR DEVELOPING AND PROMOTING BUYUKCEKMECE AND IGNEADA

Rural tourism in Turkey has not received the interest it deserves compared to European countries. Theoretical studies along with appliedprojects are needed to increasethe awareness and draw interest to this important tourism area among populace and decision makers. Thelack of extensive studies in Turkey creates an important research gap. To address this gap and improve the competitiveness of Turkey as arural tourism destination, various applications that can improve awareness and attract interest are proposed in this study. BüyükçekmeceLake and İğneada Flood plain Forests were chosen as the application areas that have natural resources and unique historical heritagehowever lack amenities and relevant marketing activities to create interest. In this study both the destination competitiveness theories andworldwide applied best practices were analyzed. In this way a comparative analysis was carried out to assess and improve the rural tourismpotential of these regions. Following the analysis, educational activities, agro/eco-tourism activities, touristic facilitiesthat can beconstructed within the legal framework are proposed in detail. Establishment of a rural marketplace, development of nearby residentialareas offeringaccommodation, food and commerce for visitors together with a tourism center were recommended asconstituents of a comprehensive rural tourism model.

___

  • Ahipaşaoğlu, S. &Çeltek, E. (2006). Sürdürülebilir Kırsal Turizm, Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Aiginger, K. (2006). Competitiveness: From a Dangerous Obsessionto a WelfareCreatingAbilitywithPositiveExternalities”, The Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, No: 6(2), s.162.
  • Akça, H. (2004). “Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Kırsal Turizm”, Ekonomik ve Teknik Dergi Standard, Yıl: 43, Sayı: 513, Ajans-Türk Matbaacılık, Ankara, s.64-70.
  • Aydın, O. (2012). AB’de Kırsal Turizmde İlk 5 Ülke ve Türkiye’de Kırsal Turizm, KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergi̇ si̇ 14 (23), s. 3946, ISSN: 1309-9132
  • Batı Akdeniz Kalkınma Ajansı (BAKA). (2012).Ekoturizm Sektör Raporu, Eylül.
  • Beerli, A.,&J. D. Martín. (2004). “Tourists’ CharacteristicandthePerceived Image of TouristDestinations: A Quantitative Analysis—A Case Study of Lanzarote, Spain.” Tourism Management, 25 (5), s. 623-36
  • Cai, L. (2002). “CooperativeBrandingforRuralTourismDestinations.” Annals of TourismResearch, 29 (3), s. 720-42.
  • Crouch, G. I. (2011). “DestinationCompetitiveness: An Analysis of Determinant Attributes.” Journal of Travel Research, 50 (1), s. 27-45
  • Crouch, G. I.,&J. R. B. Ritchie. (1999). “Tourism, CompetitivenessandSocietalProsperity.” Journal of Business Research, 44 (3), s. 37-52.
  • Çeken, H., Dalgın, T., &Çakır, N. (2012). Bir Alternatif Turizm Türü Olarak Kırsal Turizmin Gelişimini Etkileyen Faktörler ve Kırsal Turizmin Etkileri, International Journal of SocialandEconomicSciences 2 (2): 11-16, ISSN: 2146-5843, E-ISSN: 2146-0078
  • Deveci, B., Türkmen, S. ve Avcıkurt, C. (2013). Kırsal Turizm ile Gastronomi Turizmi İlişkisi: Bigadiç Örneği, Uluslararası Sosyal ve Ekonomik Bilimler Dergisi InternationalJournal of SocialandEconomicSciences 3 (2) 29-34, s. 29-34, ISSN: 1307-1149, E-ISSN: 2146-0086 D.P.T. (2006). 1923-1980 Ulusal Kalkınma Stratejisi, s.6
  • d’Hauteserre, A. M. (2000). Lessons in ManagedDestinationCompetitiveness: The Case of Foxwoods Casino Resort, Tourism Management, 21 (1), s.23-32.
  • Dwyer, L., P. Forsyth, &P. Rao. (2001). “PPPs and the Price Competitiveness of International Tourism Destinations.” Joint World Bank–OECD Seminar on Purchasing Power Parities. Washington, DC: OECD.
  • Enrigth, M. J. &Newton, J. (2004). Tourism Destination Competitiveness: A Quantitative Approach, Tourism Management, 25 (6), s. 777788.
  • Enrigth, M. J. &Newton, J.(2005). Determinants of tourism destination competitiveness in Asia Pacific: Comprehensiveness and universality, Journal of Travel Research, 43(4), 339-350
  • Esengül, K. (2005), Kırsal Kalkınmada Yeni Bir Yaklaşım Kırsal Turizm, T.C. Sivas Belediye Başkanlığı Sivas Kaplıcaları ve Turizm Potansiyeli Sempozyumu, s.168-171.
  • EuropeanCommission (EC), (1999).Towards QualityRuralTourism, Enterprise Directorate General Tourism Unit, Brussels, s.151.
  • Gartner, W. C. (2009). “Deconstructing Brand Equity.” InTourism Branding: Communities in Action (Bridging TourismTheory andPractice), Vol. 1, Editörler: L. A. Cai, W. C. Gartner,ve A. Munar. Bingley, UK: Emerald, s. 51-63.
  • Go, F. M. &Govers, R. (2000). Integrated Quality Management For Tourist Destinations: a European Persfective on Achieving Competitiveness, Tourism Management, 21 (1), s. 79-88.
  • Goodrich, J. N. (1977). Differences in Perceived Similarity of Tourism Regions: a Spatial Analysis, Journal of Travel Research, 16 (1), s. 10-13.
  • Gooroochurn, N.,&G. Sugiyarto. (2005). “Competitiveness Indicators in the Travel andTourism Industry.” Tourism Economics, 11 (1), s. 2543.
  • Gürbüz, İ. B., Erol, A. O. &Yavuz, O. (2002). Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Kırsal Turizm, Türkiye V. Tarım Ekonomisi Kongresi, 18-20 Eylül, İzmir: s.424.
  • Haahti A. J. &Yavas, U. (1983). Tourists’ Perceptions of Finlandand Selected European Countries as Travel Destinations, European Journal of Marketing, 17 (2), s. 34-42.
  • Hall, D., Roberts, L. &Mitchell, M. (2005). New Directions in RuralTourism. UK, s. 54-67.
  • Halloway, C. J. &Taylor, N. (2006).The Business of Tourism Seventh Edition. England: Prentice Hall
  • Heath, E. &Wall G. (1992). Marketing Tourism Destinations: a Strategic Planning Approach. Canada: J. Wiley.,
  • Holbrook, M. B. (1978). “Beyond Attitude Structure: Toward the InformationalDeterminants of Attitude.” Journal of Marketing Research, 15 (4), s. 545-56
  • Briedenhann,J. &E. Wickens.(2004). “Tourism Routes As a Tool ForTheEconomic Development Of RuralAreas-VibrantHopeor Impossible Dream?” , Tourism Management,25, s.71
  • Kibritçioğlu, A. (1996). “Uluslararası Rekabet Gücüne Kavramsal Bir Yaklaşım”, MPM Verimlilik Dergisi 96(3), s. 109-122.
  • Kozak, M. &Rimmington, M. (1999). Measuring Tourist Destination Competitiveness: Conceptual Considerations and Empirical Findings, Hospitality Management, 18 (3), s.273-28
  • Kuşat, N. (2014). Sürdürülebilir Kırsal Kalkınma İçin Bir Alternatif Olarak Kırsal Turizm Ve Türkiye’de Uygulanabilirliği, Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Cilt 10, Yıl 10, Sayı 2, ISSN: 1306 – 2174.
  • Küçükaltan, D. (1997). “Trakya Ekonomisi İçin Bir Bölgesel Kalkınma Modeli: Kırsal Turizm”, 7. Ulusal Bölge Bilimi Bölge Planlama Kongresi, 1. Kitap, İzmir 20-22 Ekim, Pro-Ofset Matbaacılık, İzmir, s. 212.
  • Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, (2007). Türkiye Turizm Stratejisi 2023 Eylem Planı 2007-2013, Ankara
  • Ligtenberg, A.,Beers, G., Goetgeluk R.&Rijswick, J.H. Van. (2000).TheUse of Multi-Agentsand Cellular Auto matafor Modelling a Changing Countryside. Plurality and RuralityThe Role of the Contryside in Urbanised Regions. Agricultural Economics Research Institute (LEI), TheHague.
  • Lin, C.-H., D. B. Morais, D. L. Kerstetter, &J.-S. Hou. (2007). “Examining the Role of Cognitive and Affective Image in Predicting Choice across Natural, Developed and Theme-Park Destinations.” Journal of Travel Research, 46 (2), s. 183-94.
  • Mazanec, J. A., K. Wöber, &A. H. Zins. (2007). “Tourism Destination Competitiveness: From Definition toExplanation?” Journal of Travel Research, 46 (1), s. 86-95
  • Mihalic, T. (2000). Environmental Management of a TouristDestination a Factor of Tourism Competitiveness, Tourism Management, 21 (1), s. 65-78.
  • OECD. (1994).TourismStrategiesandRural Development, Paris, s.7
  • Oktik, N. (2002). “Turizm Sektöründe Çalışan Kadınların Toplumsal Değişime Etkileri”, Muğla Üniversitesi Yayınları: 29, Muğla Üniversitesi Basımevi, Muğla, s.24.
  • Oskam, A.,Meester, G. &Silvis, H. (2010). EU PolicyforAgriculture, Food and RuralAreas, Netherlands s. 382-386.
  • Pearce, D.G. (1997). CompetitiveDestination Analysis in Southeast Asia, Journal of Travel Research, 35(4), s. 16-24.
  • Peattie, K. &Peattie S. (1996). Promotional Competitions: a Winning Tool forTourism Marketing, Tourism Management, 17 (6), s. 433-442.
  • Pike, S. D. (2007). “Consumer-Based Brand Equity forDestinations: Practical DMO Performance Measures.” Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 22 (1), s. 51-61.
  • Poon, A. (2002). Tourism, Tecnology and Competitive Strategies. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
  • Prideaux, B. (2000). The Role of the Transport System in Destination Development, Tourism Management, 21 (1), s. 53-63.
  • Ratz, T &Pucko, L. (1998).Sustainability in Hungarian RuralTourism, Rural Tourism Management: Sustainable Options. International Confarence, September 1998, SAC, Auchincruive, Scotland (www.ratztamara.com 26.06.2006). s.1.
  • Ritchie, J. R. B. &G. I. Crouch. (1993). Competitiveness of InternationalTourism: A Framework for Understanding and Analysis; Competitiveness of Long Hould Destination. St. Gallen: AIEST
  • Ritchie, J. R. B.,& G. I. Crouch. (2010). A model of destination competitiveness/ sustainability: Brazilian perspectives, RAP, Rio de Janerio, 44(5), s. 1049-66, ISSN: 0034-7612
  • Roberts, L. &Hall, D. (2001). Rural Tourism and Recreation: PrinciplestoPractice, CABI Publishing, UK., s. 70-92
  • Song, H.,& St. F. Witt. (2000). Tourism Demand Modelling andForecasting, Modern Economic Approaches. Amsterdam: Pergamon
  • Soykan, F. (1999). “Doğal Çevre ve Kırsal Kültürlerle Bütünleşen Bir Turizm Türü: Kırsal Turizm”, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, yıl:10, Mart-Haziran, Ankara, s.68.
  • Soykan, F. (2000). “Kırsal Turizm ve Avrupa’da Kazanılan Deneyim”, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, Yıl: II, Türkçe-Eylül-Aralık, s.21
  • Soykan, F. (2003). Kırsal Turizm Ve Türkiye Turizmi İçin Önemi, Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 12, 1-11, İzmir.
  • Soykan, F.(2006). “Avrupa’da Kırsal Turizme Bakış Açısı ve Kazanılan Deneyim”, II. Balıkesir Ulusal Turizm Kongresi, Balıkesir, s.84-85
  • Şerefoğlu, C. (2006). Ortak Tarım Politikası Forumu, Yurt Dışı Dönüş Raporu, Ankara: Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, s. 1-3.
  • Şerefoğlu, C. (2009). “Kırsal Alanda Kadının İstihdamı”, Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Dergisi, Sayı:189 Ankara, s. 24-31.
  • Şerefoğlu, C. (2010). AB’nde Kırsal Turizm ve Türkiye’ye Yönelik Öneriler, EKEV AKADEMİ DERGİSİ Yıl: 14 Sayı: 45 (Güz), s. 299
  • TEAGASC, http://www.teagasc.ie/Erişim Tarihi 12.01.2016
  • T.C. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, 2015, “Tarım ve Kırsal Kalkınma Faslı” http://www.tarim.gov.tr/Konular/Avrupa-Birligi-ve-DisIliskiler/Avrupa-Birligi/Tarim-Ve-Kirsal-Kalkinma-Fasli Erişim Tarihi 05.01.2016
  • Tsarouhas, D.,Ertugal, E. &Aybars, A.İ. (2007). Bringing The Real Divide Social and Regional Policy in Turkey’s Accession Process. Ankara, s.44-72.
  • Uçar, M., Uçar, H., Kurnaz, A., &Kurnaz, A.H. (2012). Kırsal Turizmin Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapıya Etkisi ve Fethiye Örneği, KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergi̇ si 14 (22): 75̇ -82, ISSN: 1309-9132.
  • Urban, S.&Dario V. (2005). “Reconciling Labour Flexibility With Social Cohesion, FacingThe Challenge”. Council of Europe Publishing Editions duConseil de l’ Europe, trends in social cohesion, No. 15, Council of Europe Publishing F-67075 StrasbourgCedex ISBN 92-871-5813-4, Printed in Belgium, November.
  • Veer, M.,&Tuunter, E. (2005). RuralTourism in Europe.,Hague. S. 14-15
  • Wang, C.-Y.,&M. K. Hsu. (2010). “The Relationships of Destination Image, Satisfaction, and BehaviouralIntentions: An Integrated Model.” Journal of Travel andTourism Marketing, 27 (8), s.829-43
  • World Tourism Organisation (WTO). (2004).Rural Tourism in Europe: Experiences, Development and Perspectives, s.13
  • World Travel andTourismCouncil (WTTC). (2015). Travel andTourism Economic Impact 2015 Turkey, Annual Report.
  • Yılmaz, Ö. G. &Gürol, K. N. (2012).“Balıkesir İlinin Kırsal Turizm Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi”, KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik̇ Araştırmalar Dergisi 14 (23): 23̇ -32,ISSN: 1309-9132
  • Zerenler, M., Türker, N.&Şahin, E. (2007). “Küresel Teknoloji, AraştırmaGeliştirme(Ar-Ge) ve Yenilik İlişkisi.” Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 17:654-667.