Tatlısu Üzerindeki Kafeslerde Üretilen Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Citrobacter freundii İzolasyonu

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde kafeslerde yetiştirilen gökkuşağı alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hastalık şüphesi sonrası bakteriyolojik olarak araştırılmıştır. Balıklardan izole edilen bakteriyel etken, hızlı teşhis kiti ile Citrobacter braakii olarak isimlendirilmiştir (API 20E, Profil: 1704553). Bakterinin kesin tanımlanması ise 16S rRNA gen bölgesinin sekansı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir ve bakteri Citrobacter freundii olarak tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca bakterinin altı farklı antimikrobiyale karşı antibakteriyel hassasiyeti belirlenmiştir. Bakteri florfenikol, enrofloksasin, oksitetrasiklin ve trimethoprim-sulfamethaksazol antibiyotiklerine karşı duyarlı, eritromisin ve amoksisilin antibiyotiklerine karşı ise dirençli olarak bulunmuştur. En etklili antibiyotik florfenikoldür. Hastalık florfenikol ile tedavi edilmiştir.

Isolation of Citrobacter freundii from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Freshwater Cage

In this study, the bacteriological examination was done in case of disease suspectof rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) which kept in cages in the Black SeaRegion of Turkey. The bacterial agent was identified as Citrobacter braakii byrapid test kit (API 20E, Profile: 1704553), further identification was performedby 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacteria were identified as Citrobacter freundiiby further molecular analysis. The antibacterial susceptibility of bacteria was alsodetermined for 6 different antibiotics. The bacteria was sensitive to florfenicol,enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole and resistantto erythromycin and amoxicillin-clavulanate. The most effective antibiotic wasflorfenicol. The disease was treated with florfenicol.

PDF

___

Altun S, Duman M, Büyükekiz AG, Özyiğit MO, Karataş S, Turgay E. 2013. Isolation of Citrobacter braakii from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ISR J AQUACULT-BAMID. 1(9).
Austin B, Austin DA. 2007. Bacterial fish pathogens, diseases of farmed and wild fish. 4th ed. Godalming, England: Springer-Praxis 552 p.
Capkin E, Terzi E, Altinok I. 2015. Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in culturable bacteria isolated from Turkish trout farms and their local aquatic environment. Dis Aquat Org. 114:127-137. doi: 10.3354/dao02852
CLSI 2014. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement, M100-S24.
Duman M, Saticioglu IB, Buyukekiz A, Altun S. 2017. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profile of atypical Citrobacter gillenii and Citrobacter sp. isolated from diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J GLOB ANTIMICROB RE. 10(9): 136-142. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.05.014
Karunasagar I, Karunasagar I, Pai R. 1992. Systemic Citrobacter freundii infection in Common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., fingerlings. J FISH DIS.15(1):95- 98. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1992.tb00642.x
Kayis S, Capkin E, Fikri B, Altinok I. 2009. Bacteria in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Southern Black Sea Region of Turkey - a survey. ISR J AQUACULT-BAMID. 61(4):339-344.
Olivier G. 2012. Disease interactions between wild and cultured fish- Perspectives from the American Northeast (Atlantic Provinces). Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol. 22(2):103-109.
Sanz F. 1991. Rainbow trout mortalities associated with a mixed infection with Citrobacter freundii and IPN virus. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol. 11:222-4.
Sato N, Yamane N, Kawamura T. 1982. Systemic Citrobacter freundii infection among Sunfish mola mola in matsushima aquarium. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Fisheries. 48(11):1551-1557. doi: 10.2331/suisan.48.1551
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G,Nei M, Kumar S. 2011. MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. MOL BIOL EVOL. 28(10): 2731–2739. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msr121
Toranzo AE, Magarinos B, Romalde JL. 2005. A review of the main bacterial fish diseases in mariculture systems. Aquaculture. 246(1-4):37-61.doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.01.002
TurkStat 2016. Turkey Statistical Institute. Available from http://www.turkstat. gov.tr/Start.do, Access date: 05.02.2018.
Ture M, Alp H. 2016. Identification of Bacterial Pathogens and Determination of Their Antibacterial Resistance Profiles in Some Cultured Fish in Turkey. J VET RES. 60(2): 141-146. doi:10.1515/jvetres-2016-0020
Ture M, Altinok I, Alp H. 2018b. Effects of Cage Farming on Antimicrobial and Heavy Metal Resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, and Lactococcus garvieae. Microbial Drug Resistance doi: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0040
Ture M, Mısır DS, Altuntaş C, Kutlu İ. 2018a. A Survey of Some Bacterial Fish Pathogens on Whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) in Eastern Black Sea Coast, Turkey. Turk J Fish & Aquat Sci. 18(12):42- 46. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_11_09
Weisburg WG, Barns SM, Pelletier DA, Lane, DJ. 1991. 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. Journal of Bacteriology. 173(2):697-703. doi:10.1128/jb.173.2.697-703.1991
Zhang XX, Zhang T, Fang HHP. 2009. Antibiotic resistance genes in water environment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 82(3):397−414. doi: 10.1007/s00253-008-1829-z