Acute and Chronic Effects of Water Soluble Fraction WSF of Diesel Fuel on Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758)

This study aimed to determine the acute and chronic toxicity of water soluble fraction WSF of diesel fuel on common carp Cyprinus carpio. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) in C. carpio were 0.005993, 0.005972, 0.005942 and 0.005931% for exposure period of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. Behavioural changes were studied during acute toxicity period, and were abnormal movement, swimming near to water surface of aquaria, lose of body balance and suddenly movement with jump. These changes have increased as concentration of diesel fuel and duration of exposure increased. The chronic toxic effects of water soluble fraction of diesel fuel on C. carpio were determined by using three concentrations (0.00039%, 0.00059% and 0.0011%) with eight fishes for six weeks. Histological changes in liver, gill, kidney and muscles were assessed after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of chronic exposure. Histological changes in liver were cellular swelling, degeneration of hepatocytes, necrosis, cellular atrophy and nuclear pyknosis. In gill, these changes were congestion, necrosis, cellular swelling, thickened of primary and secondary lamella. In the kidney, observed changes were glomerular degeneration, dilation of Bowman’s space, tubular degeneration and necrosis. While in skeletal muscles, the changes were atrophy and necrosis of muscle fiber and fragmented of myofibrils. These histological changes have found to be more severe when exposure time and concentration of water soluble fraction WSF of diesel fuel increased.

Keywords:

Cyprinus carpio, LC50, WSF Diesel fuel behavior, Histological changes,

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