Sperm değerlendirme testleri: dünden bugüne

İnfertilite, korunmasız ve düzenli cinsel ilişkiye rağmen, bir yılın sonunda gebelik oluşmaması durumudur ve reprodüktif yaş grubundaki çiftlerin %10-15'ini etkiler. İnfertilite nedenleri erkek ve kadın faktörleri arasında neredeyse eşit olarak bölünmüştür; her biri infertilite vakalarının yaklaşık %40'ını oluşturur, geri kalan %20'si de her ikisinin ortak etkisinden kaynaklanır. Erkek hastaların çoğunda, infertiliteden sorumlu moleküler mekanizmalar bilinmemektedir. Etyolojide genetik, epigenetik, sistemik, çevresel faktörler veya bu faktörlerin birliktelikleri yer alır. Sperm fonksiyonunu değerlendirmek için birçok test geliştirilmiş, fakat henüz sperm fertilizasyon kapasitesini öngörebilen bir test bulunamamıştır. Günümüzde ise gelişen teknoloji sayesinde genomik, protemik ve metabolomik gibi yeni yöntemler ile spermatogenezisin moleküler mekanizmaları ve erkek infertilite patogenezi araştırmaları yapılmaktadır. Bu derlemede geçmişten günümüze gelen sperm değerlendirme testleri tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

sperm, semen analizi, infertilite

Sperm function tests from past to present

Infertility is the condition that pregnancy does not occur at the end of a year despite unprotected and regular sexual intercouse, affects 10-15% of couples in the reproductive age group. The causes of infertility a real most equally divided between male and female factors; each accounts for about 40% of infertility cases, while there maining 20% is due to combined effect of both. In most male patients, the molecular mechanisms responsible for infertility are unkown. Etiology includes genetic, epigenetic, systemic and environmental factors, or combinations of these factors. Several tests have been developed to evaluate sperm function, but any test has yet been found to predict sperm fertilization capacity. Today, molecular mechanism of sperm production, maturation and pathogenesis of male infertility are being investigated with new methods such as genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic thanks to developing technology. This review discusses the past, present and future of sperm evaluation tests.

Keywords:

sperm, semen analysis, infertility,

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