Özofagus kanserinde klinik ve evreleme

Özofagus kanseri genellikle yüksek mortalite ve morbidite ile seyreden kötü prognoza sahip bir hastalıktır. Bu kanserin sıklığı coğrafik bölgelere göre değişiklik gösterir. Özofagus kanserinin erken evrelerinde şikayet olmayabilir. Kanser ilerledikçe, en yaygın semptom yutma güçlüğü ve kilo kaybıdır. Kür için cerrahi rezeksiyon bir şans olmasına rağmen çoğu hasta semptomatik hale geldiğinde ileri evrede tespit edilmektedir. Özofagus kanserinde son evreleme 2010 yılında yayınlanmıştır. Bu yeni evreleme American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) ve International Union Against Cancer (UICC)’nin 7.evrelemesi olarak sunulmuştur. Bu yeni evrelemede bazı değişiklikler yapılmıştır. İlk kez, tümör yerleşimi, histolojik derecelendirme ve histopatolojik hücresel tip gibi anatomik olmayan kriterler bu evrelemede dikkate alınmıştır. J. Exp. Clin. Med., 2012; 29:S227-S231 Clinic and staging of esophageal cancer Esophageal cancer is generally accepted as in associated with a poor prognosis, accompanied by high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of esophageal cancer, however, varies depending on the geographic area examined. Early esophageal cancer may not cause symptoms. As the cancer progresses, the most common symptoms are dysphagia and weight loss. Although surgical resection offers the best chance for cure. Most patients who present with symptoms already have systemic disease that is incurable. In this patients, accurate staging is essential for treatment selection and prognosis. Last staging of esophageal cancer was published in 2010. This new system was presented in the sevent editions of the AJCC and UICC Cancer Staging Manuals. Some changes are present in this new staging system. For the first time, nonanatomic cancer characteristics such as tumor location, histologic grade, and histopathologic cell type are incorporated. J. Exp. Clin. Med., 2012; 29:S227-S231

Keywords:

Özofagus kanseri; şikayetler; yutma güçlüğü; kanser evrelemesi; AJCC 7. evreleme (Esophageal cancer; symptoms; dysphagia; neoplasm staging; seventh editions of AJCC),

PDF

___

Adachi, W., Koike, S., Nimura, Y., Koide, N., Iida, F., Du, X.Q., Ping, Y.M., He, M., Chen, L.Q., Zhang, M.D., Zhang, H.L., 1996. Clinico- pathologic characteristics and post operativeout come in Japanese and Chine sepatients with thoracic esophageal cancer. World. J. Surg. 20, 332-336.
Avendano, C.E., Flume, P.A., Silvestri, G.A., King, L.B., Reed, C.E., 2002 . Pulmonary complications after esophagectomy. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 73, 922-926.
Bakhos, C., Alazemi, S., Michaud, G., DeCamp, M.M., 2010. Staged repair of benign tracheo-neo-esophageal fistula 12 years after esophagec- tomy for esophageal cancer. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 90, 83-85.
Denoix, P.F., 1953. The TNM stagingsystem. Bull Inst Nat Hyg 7, 743.
Lin, J., Akhter, S.A., Iannettoni, M.D., 2005. Carcinoma of the esophagus. General thoracic surgery 6 thedition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Wil- liams & Wilkins. pp. 2265-2298.
Moradi, A., Kalavi, K., Qujeq, D., Besharat, S., 2007. Risk factors of esophageal cancer in Turkmen Sahra of Iran. Turk J. Cancer. 37, 16-21.
Orringer, M.B., Marshall, B., Chang, A.C., Lee, J., Pickens, A., Lau, C.L., 2007. Two thousand transhiatal esophagectomies: Changing trends, lessons learned. Ann. Surg. 246, 363-372.
Parkin, D.M., Pisani, P., Ferlay, J., 1993. Estimates of the world wide incidence of eigh teen major cancers in 1985. Int. J. Cancer. 54, 1–13.
Rampado, S., Bocus, P., Battaglia, G., Ruol, A., Portale, G., Ancona, E., 2008. Endoscopic ultrasound: Accuracy in staging superficial carcino- mas of the esophagus. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 85, 251-256.
Rice, T.W., 2010. Staging of esophageal cancer: TNM and beyond. Esophagus. 7, 189–195.
Rice, T.W., Blackstone, E.H., Rusch, V.W., 2010a. 7th edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Esophagus and esophagogastric junction. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 17, 1721-1724.
Rice, T.W., Rusch, V.W., Ishwaran, H., Blackstone, E.H., World wide esophageal cancer collaboration 2010b. Cancer of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction: Data-driven staging for the seventh edition of the American joint committee on cancer/ınternational union against cancer cancer staging manuals. Cancer. 116, 3763-3773.
Rusch, V.W., Rice, T.W., Crowley, J., Blackstone, E.H., Rami-Porta, R., Goldstraw, P., 2010. Thebseventh edition of the American joint com- mittee on Cancer/International union against cancer staging manuals: The new era of data-driven revisions. J. Thorac. Cardiov. Sur. 139, 819-821.
StJulien, J., Putnam, J.B.Jr., Nesbitt, J.C., Lambright, E.S., Petracek, M.R., Grogan, E.L., 2011. Successful treatment of atrioesophageal fistula by cervical esophageal ligation and decompression. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 91, 85-86.
Tachibana, M., Hirahara, N., Kinugasa, S., Yoshimura, H., 2008. Clinico pathologic features of superficial esophageal cancer: Results of con- secutive 100 patients. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 15, 104-116.
Taniguchi, H., Yamazaki, K., Boku, N., Funakoshi, T., Hamauchi, S., Tsushima, T., Todaka, A., Sakamoto, T., Tomita, H., Machida, N., Taku, K., Fukutomi, A., Onozawa, Y., Tsubosa, Y., Sato, H., Nishimura, T., Yasui, H., 2011. Risk factors and clinical courses of chemoradiation- relatedarterio-esophageal fistula in esophageal cancer patients with clinical invasion of the aorta. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. 16, 359-365.
Turkyilmaz, A., Eroglu, A., Subasi, M., Karaoglanoglu, N., 2009. Clinicopathological features and prognosis of esophageal cancer in young patients. Is there a difference in outcome? Dis. Esophagus. 22, 211-215.
Wang, G.Q., Jiao, G.G., Chang, F.B., Fang, W.H., Song, J.X., Lu, N., Lin, D.M., Xie, Y.Q., Yang, L., 2004. Long-termresults of operation for 420 patients with early squamous cell esophageal carcinoma discovered by screening. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 77, 1740-1744.