Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik

İktisadi kalkınma ve toplumsal gelişmeye katkıları sebebiyle akademik çalışmaların ilgi odağına yerleşen sosyal girişimcilik, toplumsal sorunlara yenilikçi ve derinlikli çözüm üretme amacıyla girişimcilik ilkelerini ve tekniklerini kullanmayı ifade etmektedir. Öncelikle toplumsal refah üretimi tartışmasında merkezi yönetimin yanında gönülü ve özel sektörü de birer aktör olarak öne çıkaran sosyal politika yaklaşımıyla sosyal girişimcilik bir ilgi uyandırmıştır. Daha sonra ise Köylü Bankası modeliyle Muhammed Yunus ve Özel Mülkiyet modeliyle Elinor Ostrom’un sosyal girişimcilik alanında kazandıkları Nobel ödülleri olguya önemli bir ün kazandırmıştır. Ortaya çıktığı düzlem ve izlediği yöntem sebebiyle daha çok işletme disiplinine konu olan sosyal girişimcilik, eklemli yapısının etkisiyle diğer disiplinler tarafından da ele alınmaktadır. Bu makalede ise sosyal girişimcilik, sosyoloji disiplini çerçevesinde ele alınarak ihmal edilen toplumsal boyuta katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Nitekim sosyal girişimciliğin ürettiği yeni yaklaşımı kullanarak sorunlara çözüm aradığı toplumsal alan başlıca sosyolojik ilgiyi gerektirirken, eylemin konu olduğu insan unsuru ve sosyal girişim eylemine kaynaklık eden misyon da sosyolojik açıdan önem taşımaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda da literatüre dayanan ve betimleyici bir yaklaşım kullanan çalışmada sonuç olarak, sosyal girişimciliğin taşıdığı sosyal misyon, ürettiği sosyal sermaye, gerçekleştirdiği toplumsal değişim ve oluşturduğu toplumsal hareket yönüyle sosyolojik olma imkanı ortaya konulmuştur.

Social Entrepreneurship From Sociological Perspective

Social entrepreneurship, which has become the focus of academic studies due to its contribution to economic progress and social development, refers to the implementation of entrepreneurship principles and techniques in order to produce innovative and deep solutions to social problems. Initially, social entrepreneurship aroused an interest in the social welfare production debate with the social policy approach which is supported by both voluntary and private sectors as well as the central government. Subsequently, Muhammed Yunus and Elinor Ostrom won Nobel Prizes in the field of social entrepreneurship, and this gave social entrepreneurship a greater reputation in academia. Social entrepreneurship, which is one of the most crucial aspects within the business discipline due to the field in which it occurs and the method it follows, also interacts with other disciplines with the effect of articulated structure. The purpose of this article is to show how social entrepreneurship contributes to the neglected social dimension in terms of sociological discipline. The study, which uses a descriptive approach and is based on the literature, also demonstrates a result in line with its purpose, namely the possibility of being sociological by way of the social mission which social entrepreneurship carries, the social capital it produces, the social change it brings forth, and the social movement it creates.

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