Tarkan ÖZDEMİR, Benan KASAPOĞLU, İbrahim AKKUŞ, Ferit KAYA, Edibe PİRİNÇCİ, Semiha EREN, Mustafa Hamidullah TÜRKKANI, Çiğdem ÖZDİLEKCAN, İrem BULUT

Sigara kullanımı ile kronik solunumsal semptomlar ,gelir ve eğitim düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin analizi

Amaç :Bu çalışmada sigara içenlerin genel demografik karakterlerini belirlemeyi ve sigara içme ile solunumsal belirtiler, eğitim ve gelir düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiyi tanımlamayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntemler: 40 yaş ve üzeri 1019 kişinin dahil edildiği prospektif bir çalışma planlandı. Tüm katılımcılara solunumsal belirtiler, tütün kullanımı ve kronik solunum hastalığı ile ilişkili risk faktörlerini sorgulayan bir anket yapıldı. Çalışma katılımcıları sigara içme durumlarına göre halen içenler ,hiç içmeyenler ve sigarayı bırakmış olanlar şeklinde gruplandırıldı.Yaş, cinsiyet, evlilik durumu, eğitim seviyesi ve kişi başı aylık gelir düzeyi tüm katılımcılar için kaydedildi.Bulgular: Ortalama yaşı 53.20 ±9.06 (range: 40-90 yıl) olan 1019 kişi çalışmaya dahil edildi. Kadınlar arasında 72/486 erkekler arasında 226/533 kişi aktif sigara içicisiydi (p:0.001). Orta okul-lise ve üniversite mezunları daha fazla sıklıkla sigara içiyor veya sigarayı bırakmıştı. 3 aydan daha uzun süren öksürük ve balgam katılımcıların 66’sında (%6.5) tespit edilmişken, 3 aydan uzun süren öksürük, balgam, nefes darlığı bir triad olarak katılımcıların 36’sında (%3.5) tespit edildi. Bu hasta gurupları arasında sigara kullananların oranı belirgin olarak yüksekti. Kronik akciğer hastalığı düşündüren semptomları olan hastaların önemli bir kısmının (% 63.8) daha önce herhangi bir kronik solunum hastalığı tanısı yoktu.Sonuç: Önceki raporların aksine, eğitimli ve daha yüksek aylık gelirlilerde daha fazla sigara içildiğini tespit ettik. Ayrıca kronik solunumsal hastalıklarının yeterince teşhis edilemediğini bulduk. Kronik akciğer hastalıklarının erken teşhisi için yapılacak taramalarda hedef populasyonun seçimi için semptomatik sorgulamanın halen önemli olduğunu düşünüyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

KOAH, tütün kullanımı, sosyo-kültürel durum, erken tanı

Analysis of the relationship between smoking and chronic respiratory symptoms, level of income and education

Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the general demographic characteristics of smokers and to define the association of smoking with respiratory symptoms, level of education and income.Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 1019 people aged 40 and over. A questionnaire containing questions about respiratory symptoms, tobacco use and risk factors for chronic respiratory diseases was applied to all the participants. The study participants were grouped regarding their smoking status as current smokers, never smokers and former smokers. Age, gender, marital status, education level, monthly income per house person were recorded for all participants.Results: 1019 people with a mean age of 53.20 ±9.06 years (range: 40-90 years) were included in the study. Among females, 72/486 were active smoker; while in males 226/533 were active smoker (p:0.001). Mid- high school and university graduates were more commonly smoker or former-smoker. Participants with higher monthly income per house person (> 1000 TRY) were significantly more commonly active-smoker. Cough and sputum for longer than 3 months was determined in 66 (6.5%) people while the triad of cough and sputum for longer than 3 months and dyspnea was determined in 36 (3.5%) people. Among those participants the ratio of smokers was significantly higher. A significant proportion of participants (63.8%) with the symptoms predicting chronic pulmonary diseases, were not having diagnosis of any chronic respiratory disease before.Conclusion: We determined that; unlike the previous reports educated and higher monthly income people were more commonly smoker. We also found that chronic respiratory diseases is not sufficiently diagnosed. In screening for early diagnosis of chronic pulmonary diseases, we think that symptomatic interrogation is still important for selection of target population.

Keywords:

tobacco use, socio-cultural situation, early diagnosis, Chronic pulmonary diseases,

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