The Infections of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Four Year Experience of a Single Center

years. The incidence of infection has ranged from 0.5 % to 12% in the literature. The purposes

Keywords:

Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Staphylococcus Epidermidis, Infection,

PDF

___

1. Chu JD, Wilkoff BL, Lee I, et al: Diagnosis and management of infections involving implantable electrophysiologic cardiac devices. Ann Intern Med. 2000;33:604-8.
2. Dunn CJ, Ruder M, Deresinski SC, Aspergillus fumigatus infection of an automatic internal cardiac defibrillator. Pacing ClinElectrophysiol. 1996;19:2156-7.
3. De Bie MK, van Rees JB, Thijssen J, et al., Cardiac device infections are associated with a significant mortality risk. Heart Rhythm. 2012;9:494-8.
4. Johansen JB, Jorgensen OD, Moller M, et al., Infection after pacemaker implantation: infection rates and risk factors associated with infection in a population-based cohort study of 46299 consecutive patients. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:991-8.
5. Mond HG, Proclemer A. The 11th world survey of cardiac pacing and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: calendar year 2009 a World Society of Arrhythmia’s project. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2011;34:1013-27.
6. Nery PB, Fernandes R, Nair GM, et al. Device-related infection among patients with pacemakers and implantable defibrillators: incidence, risk factors, and consequences. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2010;21:786-90.
7. Durack DT, Lukes AS, Bright DK. New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Duke Endocarditis Service. Am J Med. 1994;96:200-9.
8. Da Costa A, Tulane C, Dauphinot V, et al. Preoperative skin antiseptics for prevention of cardiac implantable electronic device infections: a historical-controlled interventional trial comparing aqueous against alcoholic povidone-iodine solutions, Europace. 2015;17:1092-8.
9. Rahman R, Saba S, Bazaz R, et al. Infection and readmission rate of cardiac implantable electronic device insertions: An observational single center study, Amn J Infect Control. 2016;44:278-82.
10. Polyzos KA, Konstantelias AA, Falagas ME. Risk factors for cardiac implantable electronic device infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace. 2015;17:767-7.
11. Rettig G, Doenecke P, Sen S, et al. Complications with retained transvenous pacemaker electrodes. Am Heart J. 1979;98:587-94.
12. Vogt PR, Sagdic K, Lachat M, et al. Surgical management of infected permanent transvenous pacemaker system: ten years’ experience. J Card Surg.1996;11:180-6.
13. Byrd CL, Schwartz SJ, Hedin NB, et al. Intravascular lead extraction using locking stylets and sheaths. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1990;13:1871-5.
14. Maria Grazia Bongiorni, Carlo Tascini, Enrico Tagliaferri, et al., Microbiology of cardiac implantable electronic device infections, Europace 2012;14:1334-9.
15. Uslan DZ, Sohail MR, StSauver JL, et al. Permanent pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator infection: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:669-75.
16. Palmisano P, Accogli M, Zaccaria M, et al. Causes and impact on patient outcome of implantable device complications requiring surgical revision: large population survey from two centres in Italy. Europace. 2013;15:531- 40.
17. Romeyer-Bouchard C, Da Costa A, Dauphinot V, et al. Prevalence and risk factors related to infections of cardiac resynchronization therapy devices. Eur Heart J. 2010;31:203-10.
18. Nery PB, Fernandes R, Nair GM, et al. Device-related infection among patients with pacemakers and implantable defibrillators: incidence, risk factors, and consequences. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2010;21:786-90.
19. Del Pozo JL, Patel R. The challenge of treating biofilm-associated bacterial infections. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;82:204-9.
20. Tarakji KG, Chan EJ, Cantillon DJ, et al. Cardiac implantable electronic device infections: presentation, management, and patient outcomes. Heart Rhythm. 2010;7:1043-7.
21. Bloom H, Heeke B, Leon A, et al. Renal insufficiency and the risk of infection from pacemaker or defibrillator surgery. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2006;29:142-5.
22. Qintar M, Zardkoohi O, Hammadah M, et al. The impact of changing antiseptic skin preparation agent used for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) procedures on the risk of infection, PACE 2015;38:240-6.
23. Duval X, Selton-Suty C, Alla F, et al. Endocarditis in patients with a permanent pacemaker: a 1-year epidemiological survey on infective endocarditis due to valvular and/or pacemaker infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:68-74.
24. Nielsen JC, Gerdes JC, Varma N. Infected cardiac-implantable electronic devices: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, Eur Heart J. 2015;36:2484- 90.
25. Johansen JB, Jorgensen OD, Moller M, et al. Infection after pacemaker implantation: infection rates and risk factors associated with infection in a population-based cohort study of 46299 consecutive patients. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:991-8.
26. Gallego P, Apostolakis S, Gregory YH. Bridging evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence in periprocedural anticoagulation. Circulation. 2012;126:1573-6.