Levels of Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in Patients with Nasal Polyps

Levels of Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in Patients with Nasal Polyps

Objective: We aimed to investigate Th1 / Th2 (T helper) cell balance by examining Interleukin-4

___

  • 1. Koc C. Nazal Polip, otolaryngology, head and neck surgery. (Ed. Koc C), Ankara, Güneş bookstore 2004; 609–24.
  • 2. Keles B, Cora T, Acar H, et al. Evaluation of HLA-A,-B,-Cw, and-DRB1 alleles frequency in Turkish patients with nasal polyposis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;139:580-5.
  • 3. Kim KS, Won HR, Park CY, et al. Analyzing serum eosinophil cationic protein in the clinical assessment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013;27: e75–80.
  • 4. Settipane GA, Lund VJ, Tos M. Nasal polyps: epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment. Oceanside Publications Inc. Providence, Rhode Island, 1997.
  • 5. Okoye IS, Wilson MS. CD4+ T helper 2 cells–microbial triggers, differentiation requirements and effector functions. Immunology. 2011; 134:368-77.
  • 6. Zygmunt B, Veldhoen M. 5 T Helper Cell Differentiation: More than Just Cytokines. Advances in immunology. 2011; 109:159.
  • 7. Cheng W, Zheng C, Tian J, Shi G. T helper cell population and eosinophilia in nasal polyps. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2007; 17:297-301.
  • 8. Grundmann T, Töpfner M. Treatment of ASS-Associated Polyposis (ASSAP) with a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist-a prospective drug study on its antiinflammatory effects. Laryngorhinootologie. 2001; 80:576-82.
  • 9. Wierenga EA, Snoek M, Jansen HM, Bos JD, Van Lier RA, Kapsenberg ML. Human atopen-specific types 1 and 2 T helper cell clones. J. Immunol. 1991; 147: 2942–9.
  • 10. Kramer MF, Rasp G. Nasal polyposis: eosinophils and Interleukin-5. Allergy. 1999;55: 669-80.
  • 11. Perić A, Vojvodić D, Radulović V, Vukomanović-Đurđević B, Perić AV, Miljanović O. Proinflammatory cytokine levels in nasal fl uid as indicators of severity of nasal polyposis. Acta Clin Croat. 2010;49:395- 403.
  • 12. Eskdale J, Kube D, Tesch H, Gallagher G. Mapping of the human IL10 gene and further characterization of the 5’flanking sequence. Immunogenetics. 1997;46:120-8.
  • 13. Agnello D, Lankford CS, Bream J, et al. Cytokines and transcription factors that regulate T helper cell differentiation: new players and new insights. J Clin Immunol. 2003;23:147-61.
  • 14. Witowski J, Ksia˛zek K, Jorres A. Interleukin-17: a mediator of inflammatory responses. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2004;61:567–79.
  • 15. Gaffen, S.L, J.M. Kramer, J.J. Yu, and F. Shen. The IL-17 cytokine family. Vitamins and Hormones 2006;74: 255–82.
  • 16. Zhao A, Wang H, Wu H, Yang Y, Xu H, Wang D. Quantitative analysis of interleukin-5 mRNA and protein in nasal polyps. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2014;28:1053-6.
  • 17. Kubota K, Takeno S, Taruya T, Sasaki A, Ishino T, Hirakawa K. IL-5 and IL-6 are increased in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;46:36.
  • 18. Bachert C, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, Cuvelier C, Van Cauwenberge P. Nasal polyposis: from cytokines to growth. Am J Rhinol. 2000; 14:279- 90.
  • 19. Sun DI, Joo YH, Auo HJ, Kang JM. Clinical significance of eosinophilic cationic protein levels in nasal secretions of patients with nasal polyposis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;266:981-6.
  • 20. Allen JS, Eisma R, Leonard G, Kreutzer D. Interleukin-3, ınterleukin-5, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression in nasal polyps. Am J Otolaryngol. 1997;18:239-46.
  • 21. Moore KW, de Waal Malefyt R, Coffman RL, O’Garra A. Interleukin-10 and the ınterleukin-10 receptor. Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:683-7.
  • 22. Domdey A, Liu A, Millner A, et al. The T cellresponse to major grass allergens is regu-lated and includes IL-10 production in ato-pic but not in non-atopic subjects. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2010;152:243–54.
  • 23. Ozkara S, Keles E, Ilhan N, Gungor H, Kaygusuz I, Alpay HC. The relationship between Th1/Th2 balance and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ in patients with nasal polyposis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;269(12):2519-24.
  • 24. Molet SM, Hamid QA, Hamilos DL. IL-11 and IL-17 Expression in Nasal Polyps: Relationship to Collagen Deposition and Suppression by Intranasal Fluticasone Propionate. Laryngoscope 2003;113:1803-12.
  • 25. Jiang XD, Li GY, Li L, Dong Z, Zhu DD. The characterization of IL-17A expression in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2011;25:171-5.
  • 26. Dellacono FR, Eisma R, Lafreniere D, Leonard G, Kreutzer D. Interferon Gamma Expression in Human Nasal Polyps. Laryngoscope. 1997;107:626-30.