Kunka KAMENAROVA, Nabil ABUMHADİ, Kostadin GECHEFF, Atanas ATANASSOV

Molecular farming in plants: An approach of agricultural biotechnology

Moleküler tarım, ilaç veya endüstri açısından değerli geleneksel olarak kullanılan proteinlerin veya diğer metabolitlerin üretimi olarak tanımlanır. Bitkiler memeli toksinleri ve patojenleri içermeyen çok çeşitli proteinleri sentez edebilir. Bitkiler düşük fiyata mal olan ve sınırlı olanaklara gerek duyan fazla miktarda biyomas üretebilir. Bitkiler çok uzun süredir tıbbi bileşenlerin kaynağı olarak kullanıldığından, moleküler tarım, tıbbi kullanımları moleküler düzeyde anlaşılmış olan plazma proteinleri, enzimler, büyüme faktörleri, aşılar ve rekombinant antikorlar gibi moleküler ilaçlar için yeni kaynaklardır. Biyo-tanm, enfeksiyon hastalıklar için gerekli aşılar, kanser ve kalp hastalıkları için kullanılan teröpatik proteinleri içeren bitkisel ilaçların daha bol ve daha ucuza elde edilmesi için umut vericidir. "Bitki yapımı farmasotikler" (PMPS) genetik mühendisliği ile bitkilerden spesifik bileşikler, genellikle hasat sonrası ekstre edilip saflaştırılan proteinlerin üretilmesi için kullanılmaktadır. Burada da kullanıldığı gibi moleküler tarım ve PMP doğal meydana gelen bitkisel ürünleri veya besleyici değeri arttırılmış besinleri içermemektedir.

Bitkilerde moleküler tarım: Tarımsal biyoteknolojiye yaklaşım

Molecular farming is defined as the production of proteins or other metabolites valuable to medicine or industry in plants traditionally used.in an agricultural setting. Crop plants can synthesize a wide variety of proteins that are free of mammalian toxins and pathogens. Crop plants produce large amounts of biomass at low cost and require limited facilities. Since plants have long been used as a source of medicinal compounds, molecular farming represents a novel source of molecular medicines, such as plasma proteins, enzymes, growth factors, vaccines and recombinant antibodies, whose medical applications are understood at a molecular level. Bio-pharming promises more plentiful and cheaper supplies of pharmaceutical drugs, including vaccines for infectious diseases and therapeutic proteins for treatment of such things as cancer and heart disease. "Plant-made pharmaceuticals" (PMPs) are produced by genetically engineering plants to produce specific compounds, generally proteins, which are extracted and purified after harvest. As used here, the terms molecular farming and PMP do not include naturally occurring plant products or nutritionally enhanced foods.

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