Malezya Sağlık Sistemi
Malezya siyasi ve ekonomik istikrarın yaşandığı bir üst orta
gelirli ülkedir. Malezyalı nüfus genelde genç, erişkin ve yaşlı olarak
ayrılabilir. Son yıllarda doğumda beklenen ömür yaşı 73 yıldır.Malezya, DSÖ, Güneydoğu Asya Uluslar Topluluğu (ASEAN) ve
diğerleri gibi uluslararası kuruluşlarla genel sağlık düzeyini geliştirme
çabasıyla çeşitli işbirliği ve ortaklıklar geliştirmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ülke
iyi gelişmiş bir sağlık sistemi, temiz su ve sanitasyona kolay erişim, aynı
zamanda güçlü sosyal ve ekonomik programlardan yararlanmıştır. Öte yandan
bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklar en çok mortalite ve morbiditeye neden oluyorken
bulaşıcı hastalıklar hala bir endişe kaynağı olmaya devam etmektedir.Malezya halk sağlığı sistemi bir kamu hizmeti yapısı içinde
örgütlenmiştir. Merkezi olarak Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından idare edilir, esasen
federal hükümet tarafından toplanan genel gelirler ve vergilendirme yoluyla fi
nanse edilirken, özel sektör özel sağlık sigortası yoluyla hizmetlerini fi
nanse edebilmektedir. Tüketicilerin cepten sağlık fi nans ödemeleri yalnızca
sınırlı sayıdaki özel kuruluşlar ve maddi maliyetler nedeniyle diş bakımı için
gerekmektedir. Diş sağlığı hizmetlerine maddi yardımda bulunan diş sigortası
sistemi bulunmaktadır.
Bu arada, sağlık profesyonellerinin arzı, hükümetin tıbbi /
diş eğitimi tesislerini arttırma çabalarından ötürü halen istenen rakamın altında
olmasına rağmen yıllar içinde epeyce artmıştır. Ülke gelişmiş ulus statüsüne yaklaştıkça,
demografi k ve epidemiyolojik geçişler devam edecek ve nüfusun sağlık hizmeti
talebi artmaya devam edecek, daha kaliteli sağlık hizmetleri beklentileri
artacaktır. 2020 ve sonrasına yönelik Malezya’da sağlık reformu yapılması ile
ilintili baskılar artmaktadır.
Malaysia Healthcare System
Malaysia is an upper middle-income country that enjoys political and economic stability. Malaysian population is young, growing or ageing. In recent years, the life expectancy at birth is 73 years. Malaysia has fostered various collaborations and partnerships with international associations, such as the WHO, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and others in its effort to improve general health. Consequently, the country has benefi ted from a well-developed health care system, good access to clean water and sanitation, non-communicable diseases now account for most mortality and morbidity while communicable diseases still remain a concern.Malaysia’s public health system is organized under a civil service structure and are centrally administered by the Ministry of Health [MOH] and fi nanced mainly through general revenue and taxation, while the private sector is funded through private health insurance and out-of pocket payments from consumers. Furthermore, only a limited number of private organisations (employers)provide dental insurance that provides subsidises dental care that suggests that there is some limitation for dental care due to fi nancial costs.Meanwhile, the supply of health professionals has increased over the years, as the result of the government’s effort to increase medical/dental training facilities, although its number is still below the required number. As the country approaches developed nation status, its demographic and epidemiological transitions will continue and the demand for health care by the population continues to rise and further heighten expectations for more high quality of health care. These place pressure for Malaysia for health reform in the year 2020 and beyond.
___
- 1. Ministry of Tourism. Malaysia Truly Asia Putrajaya: Ministry of
Tourism Malaysia 2013 [Available from: http://www.tourism.gov.
my/en/Master/Web-Page/About-Malaysia.
- 2. Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia, cartographer
Malaysia Report Map: The Department of Survey and Mapping
Malaysia; 2013.
- 3. Department of Statistics Malaysia. Report of the Population
Projections of Malaysia 2010-2040. Putrajaya: Department of
Statistics; 2012.
- 4. Department of Statistics Malaysia. Population Distribution and Basic
Demographic Characteristics Report 2010. Putrajaya: Department
of Statistics of Malaysia; 2011.
- 5. Calache H, Hopcraft M. Evaluation of a pilot bridging program to
enable Australian dental therapists to treat adult patients. Journal of
Dental Education. 2011;75(9):1208.
- 6. Abi Nahed J. Legislative review of Oral Health in Canada: In
Particular Long-Term Care Facilities. 2006.
- 7. Arnett M, Forde R. Increasing student diversity and cultural
competence as part of Loma Linda University School of Dentistry’s
Service Mission. Journal of Education. 2012;76(721-727).
- 8. WHO. World health report 2013: Research for universal health
coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
- 9. Malaysian Dental Council. Malaysian Dental Council Bulletin. 2013.
- 10. WHO. Malaysia Health System Review. Asia Pacifi c Observatory
on Health Systems and Policies, World Health Organization; 2013.
- 11. Ministry of Health Malaysia. Country Health Plan-10th Malaysia
Plan 2011-2015. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2010.
- 12. Aljunid SM. Health Policy in Malaysia: Three Central Policy
Issues2014 5/05/2014]. Available from: https://www.ispor.org/
consortiums/asia/Health-Policy-in-Malaysia-3-Central-Policy-
Issues.pdf.
- 13. Petersen PE. World Health Organization global policy for
improvement of oral health--World Health Assembly 2007. Int Dent
J. 2008;58(3):115-21.
- 14. WHO. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Ottawa, Canada:
World Health Organization; 1986.
- 15. Ministry of Health Malaysia. Malaysia Health Care Demand
Analysis: Inequalities in Healthcare Demand & Simulation of Trends
and Impact of Potential Changes in Healthcare Spending. Health
Policy Research Associates (HPRA) and Institute for Health Systems
Research (IHSR); 2013.
- 16. Ministry of Health Malaysia. Health Facts 2013. Putrajaya: Health
Informatics Centre, Planning and Development Division, MOH
Malaysia; 2014.
- 17. Oral Health Division Malaysia. Oral Health Care in Malaysia.
Putrajaya: OHD, Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2005.
- 18. Ministry of Health Malaysia. Health Facts 2012. Putrajaya: Health
Informatics Centre, Planning and Development Division, MOH
Malaysia; 2013.
- 19. Ministry of Health Malaysia. Health Facts 2010. Putrajaya: Health
Informatics Centre, Planning and Development Division, MOH
Malaysia; 2011.
- 20. Ministry of Health Malaysia. Health Facts 2015. Putrajaya: Health
Informatics Centre, Planning and Development Division, MOH
Malaysia; 2016.
- 21. The Commissioner of Law Revision Malaysia. Dental Act 1971:
online version of updated text of reprint. Putrajaya: Malaysian Law
Journal SDN BHD; 2014.
- 22. Malaysian Dental Association. Malaysian Dental Association-
President Message Kuala Lumpur: MDA; 2014 [Available from:
http://www.mda.org.my/01_about_0101president.html.
- 23. Malaysian Dental Council. Malaysian Dental Council Bulletin. 2014