Anticancer Properties of Krill Oil

Krill which is a shrimp-like cold ocean creature is an important nutraceutical agent because it contains nutrient components (polyunsaturated fatty acids, astaxanthin, etc.) that have positive effects on health. Although its cardioprotective, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties have been emphasized so far, it also has anticancer properties. It has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of cancerous cells, prevent metastasis and tumor growth, and induce apoptosis in cancer cells through various mechanisms such as regulation of the omega-3/omega-6 ratio, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, activation of caspase 3/9, and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. It has been reported to induce apoptosis as well. It is believed that Krill can reduce the incidence of cancer and play an effective role in cancer treatment due to the above-mentioned properties.

Keywords:

Krill oil, anti-cancer activity astaxanthin, omega-3,

PDF

___

Ahn, S. H., Lim, S. J., Ryu, Y. M., Park, H. R., Suh, H. J., & Han, S. H. (2018). Absorption rate of krill oil and fish oil in blood and brain of rats. Lipids in health and disease, 17(1), 162. doi:10.1186/s12944-018-0812-7
Ambati, R. R., Phang, S. M., Ravi, S., & Aswathanarayana, R. G. (2014). Astaxanthin: sources, extraction, stability, biological activities and its commercial applications--a review. Marine drugs, 12(1), 128-152. doi:10.3390/md12010128.
Arpacı, N., & Ayaz, A. Astaksantin ve sağlık. (2011). Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 39(1-2), 67-74.
Bağcı, E., & Can, E. Omega-3 yağ asitleri temininde sürdürülebilir kaynakların rolü. (2015). Bilim ve Gençlik Dergisi, 3(1), 77-89.
Burri, L., & Johnsen, L. (2015). Krill products: an overview of animal studies. Nutrients, 7(5), 3300-3321. doi:10.3390/nu7053300
Dindarlou, E., & Mokhtari, M.J. (2015). Dietary factors and cancer prevention. Journal of Cellular Immunotherapy, 1(1-2): 24.
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to krill oil and maintenance of joint comfort pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. (2012). EFSA Journal, 10, 3003.
Fassett, R. G., & Coombes, J. S. (2011). Astaxanthin: a potential therapeutic agent in cardiovascular disease. Marine drugs, 9(3), 447-465. doi:10.3390/md9030447
Georges, J., Sharp, M.H., Lowery, R.P., Wilson, J.M., Purpura, M., Hornberger, T.A. et al. (2018). The effects of krill oil on mTOR signaling and resistance exercise: A pilot study. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2018, 7625981. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7625981.
Jayathilake, A. G., Kadife, E., Luwor, R. B., Nurgali, K., & Su, X. Q. (2019). Krill oil extract suppresses the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells through activation of caspase 3/9. Nutrition & Metabolism, 16, 53. doi:10.1186/s12986-019-0382-3.
Jayathilake, A. G., Senior, P. V., & Su, X. Q. (2016). Krill oil extract suppresses cell growth and induces apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 16(1), 328. doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1311-x
Jayathilake, A.G., Senior, P.V., & Su, X.Q. (2017). Krill oil extract induces apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism, 8, 94-95.
McCall, B., McPartland, C. K., Moore, R., Frank-Kamenetskii, A., & Booth, B. W. (2018). Effects of astaxanthin on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells ın vitro. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 7(10), 135. doi:10.3390/antiox7100135
Ramprasath, V. R., Eyal, I., Zchut, S., & Jones, P. J. (2013). Enhanced increase of omega-3 index in healthy individuals with response to 4-week n-3 fatty acid supplementation from krill oil versus fish oil. Lipids in health and disease, 12, 178. doi:10.1186/1476-511X-12-178
Robertson, B., Burri, L., & Berge, K. (2014). Genotoxicity test and subchronic toxicity study with Superba™ krill oil in rats. Toxicology Reports, 1, 764-776. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.07.007
Rundblad, A., Holven, K. B., Bruheim, I., Myhrstad, M. C., & Ulven, S. M. (2018). Effects of krill oil and lean and fatty fish on cardiovascular risk markers: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of nutritional science, 7, e3. doi:10.1017/jns.2017.64
Su, X., Tanalgo, P., Bustos, M., & Dass, C. R. (2018). The effect of krill oil and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration. Current Drug Targets, 19( 5), 479-486. doi: 10.2174/1389450116666150107152206.
Tel Adıgüzel, K., Işgın, K., & Pekcan, G. (2015). Krill yağı desteği ve yeni bilimsel kanıtlar. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 43(3), 258-263.
Tou, J.C., Jaczynski, J., Chen, Y.C. (2007). Krill for human consumption: nutritional value and potential health benefits. Nutrition Reviews, 65(2), 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00283.x
Winther, B., Hoem, N., Berge, K., & Reubsaet, L. (2011). Elucidation of phosphatidylcholine composition in krill oil extracted from Euphausia superba. Lipids, 46 (1), 25-36. doi: 10.1007/s11745-010-3472-6.
Xie, D., Jin, J., Sun, J., Liang, L., Wang, X., Zhang, W. et al. (2017). Comparison of solvents for extraction of krill oil from krill meal: Lipid yield, phospholipids content, fatty acids composition and minor components. Food Chemistry, 233: 434-441. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.138
Xiong, Q., Ru, Q., Tian, X., Zhou, M., Chen, L., Li, Y., & Li, C. (2018). Krill oil protects PC12 cells against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting apoptotic response and oxidative stress. Nutrition Research, 58: 84-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2018.07.006
Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2015). Multiple mechanisms of anti-cancer effects exerted by astaxanthin. Marine drugs, 13(7), 4310-4330. doi:10.3390/md13074310
Zheng, W., Li, J., Wang, X., Yuan, Y., Zhang, J., Xiu, Z. (2018). Effects of Antarctic krill docosahexaenoic acid on MCF-7 cell migration and invasion induced by the interaction of CD95 with caveolin-1. Life Sciences, 192, 270-277. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.011
Zheng, W., Wang, X., Cao, W., Yang, B., Mu, Y., Dong, Y., et al. (2017).E-configuration structures of EPA and DHA derived from Euphausia superba and their significant inhibitive effects on growth of human cancer cell lines in vitro. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes & Essential Fatty Acids, 117, 47-53. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.01.005.
Zhu, J. J., Shi, J. H., Qian, W. B., Cai, Z. Z., & Li, D. (2008). Effects of krill oil on serum lipids of hyperlipidemic rats and human SW480 cells. Lipids in health and disease, 7, 30. doi:10.1186/1476-511X-7-30